The present review of bibliometric counting methods investigates 1) the number of unique counting methods in the bibliometric research literature, 2) to what extent the counting methods can be categorized according to selected characteristics of the counting methods, 3) methods and elements to assess the internal validity of the counting methods, and 4) to what extent and with which characteristics the counting methods are used in research evaluations. The review identifies 32 counting methods introduced during the period 1981 - 2018. Two frameworks categorize these counting methods. Framework 1 describes selected mathematical properties of counting methods, and Framework 2 describes arguments for choosing a counting method. Twenty of the 32 counting methods are rank-dependent, fractionalized, and introduced to measure contribution, participation, etc. of an object of study. Next, three criteria for internal validity are used to identify five methods that test the adequacy of counting methods, two elements that test sensitivity, and three elements that test homogeneity of the counting methods. These methods and elements may be used to assess the internal validity of counting methods. Finally, a literature search finds research evaluations that use the counting methods. Only three of the 32 counting methods are used by four research evaluations or more. Of these three counting methods, two are used with the same characteristics as defined in the studies that introduced the counting methods. The review provides practitioners in research evaluation and researchers in bibliometrics with a detailed foundation for working with counting methods. At the same time, many of the findings in the review provide bases for future investigations of counting methods.

中文翻译：

---

1970-2018年文献计量研究文献中引入的计数方法：综述

本文对文献计量方法的综述研究如下：1）文献计量研究文献中独特计数方法的数量； 2）根据计数方法的选定特征可将计数方法归类到何种程度； 3）评估方法的要素和要素。计数方法的内部有效性，以及4）在研究评估中使用计数方法的程度和特征。审查确定了1981年至2018年期间引入的32种计数方法。两个框架将这些计数方法归类。框架1描述了计数方法的选定数学属性，框架2描述了用于选择计数方法的参数。在32种计数方法中，有20种是基于等级的，分段的，并用于衡量贡献，参与，研究对象等。接下来，使用三个内部有效性标准来确定测试计数方法是否充分的五种方法，测试灵敏度的两个元素以及测试计数方法的同质性的三个元素。这些方法和元素可用于评估计数方法的内部有效性。最后，文献搜索找到使用计数方法的研究评估。在四项或以上研究评估中，仅使用了32种计数方法中的三种。在这三种计数方法中，有两种具有与引入计数方法的研究中所定义的特征相同的特征。该评估为研究评估的从业人员和文献计量学的研究人员提供了使用计数方法的详细基础。同时，