ABSTRACT

Plant resilience to oxidative stress possibly operates through the restoration of intracellular redox milieu and the activity of various posttranslationally modified proteins. Among various modes of redox regulation operative in plants cys oxPTMs are brought about by the activity of reactive oxygen species (ROS), reactive nitrogen species (RNS), and hydrogen peroxide. Cysteine oxPTMs are capable of transducing ROS-mediated long-distance hormone signaling (ABA, JA, SA) in plants. S-sulphenylation is an intermediary modification en route to other oxidative states of cysteine. In silico analysis have revealed evolutionary conservation of certain S-sulphenylated proteins across human and plants. Further analysis of protein sulphenylation in plants should be extended to the functional follow-up studies followed by site-specific characterization and case-by-case validation of protein activity. The repertoire of physiological methods (fluorescent conjugates (dimedone) and yeast AP-1 (YAP1)-based genetic probes) in the recent past has been successful in the detection of sulphenylated proteins and other cysteine-based modifications in plants. In view of a better understanding of the sulfur-based redoxome it is necessary to update our timely progress on the methodological advancements for the detection of cysteine-based oxPTM. This substantiative information can extend our investigations on plant–environment interaction thus improving crop manipulation strategies. The simulation-based computational approach has emerged as a new method to determine the directive mechanism of cysteine oxidation in plants. Thus, sulfenome analysis in various plant systems might reflect as a pinnacle of plant redox biology in the future.

摘要

植物对氧化应激的抵抗力可能通过细胞内氧化还原环境的恢复和各种翻译后修饰蛋白的活性来发挥作用。在植物中有效的多种氧化还原调节模式中，cys oxPTM是由活性氧（ROS），活性氮（RNS）和过氧化氢的活性产生的。半胱氨酸oxPTM能够在植物中转导ROS介导的长途激素信号传导（ABA，JA，SA）。S-磺酰化是半胱氨酸其他氧化态的中间修饰。电脑分析揭示了某些S-硫磺化蛋白质在人类和植物中的进化保守性。植物中蛋白质亚磺酰化的进一步分析应扩展到功能性后续研究，然后进行位点特异性表征和蛋白质活性的逐案验证。近年来，生理方法（基于荧光共轭物（二甲酮）和基于酵母AP-1（YAP1）的遗传探针）的库已成功检测到植物中的亚磺化蛋白和其他基于半胱氨​​酸的修饰。为了更好地了解基于硫的氧化还原酶，有必要及时更新我们在检测基于半胱氨​​酸的oxPTM方法学方面的进展。这些实质性信息可以扩展我们对植物与环境相互作用的研究，从而改善作物的处理策略。基于模拟的计算方法已经成为确定植物中半胱氨酸氧化的指导机制的一种新方法。因此，未来各种植物系统中的亚砜组分析可能会反映为植物氧化还原生物学的顶峰。