Although there are recent claims of a lack of evidence of self-consciousness in many tested species, the ability to recognize oneself in a mirror, which seems an exceedingly rare capacity in the animal kingdom, may not be the only way to check for animal self-awareness (i.e. the capacity to become the object of your own attention). A new testing approach, based on a different sensory modality (such as the sniff-test for self-recognition, STSR), recently proved to be effective with dogs. We applied this sniff test to a group of four captive grey wolves, living in male-female couples in two different enclosures at the Wolf Park in Indiana, USA. In this preliminary study, wolves showed some signs of the ability to recognize themselves through the “olfactory mirror” and exhibited some clues of mark-directed responses, particularly scent-rolling, which may shed more light on this still unclear behavior and represent a sort of olfactory equivalent to passing the original mirror test.

尽管最近有人声称在许多被测物种中缺乏自我意识的证据，但在镜中认出自己的能力似乎在动物界中并不是唯一的方法，在镜子中识别自己的能力似乎在动物界极为罕见。意识（即成为您自己关注的对象的能力）。最近，一种基于不同感觉方式的新测试方法（如自我识别的嗅觉测试，STSR）被证明对狗有效。我们将此嗅觉测试应用于四只圈养的灰狼，它们生活在美国印第安纳州沃尔夫公园的两个不同围栏中的成对雌雄夫妇。在这项初步研究中，狼表现出一些通过“嗅觉镜”识别自己的能力的迹象，并表现出一些由标记指示的反应的线索，特别是气味飘摇，