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The Role of Melanin in Aspergillus Tolerance to Biocides and Photosensitisers
Letters in Applied Microbiology ( IF 2.4 ) Pub Date : 2020-12-19 , DOI: 10.1111/lam.13437
M.J. Pascoe 1 , J.‐Y. Maillard 1
Affiliation  

Cationic biocides are widely utilised for surface disinfection. Photosensitisers such as toluidine blue O (TBO) produce reactive oxygen species following light excitation and are being investigated as novel biocides for similar applications. Aspergillus brasiliensis conidia contain melanin which protects against environmental stressors. The negative charge and antioxidant properties of melanin may confer resistance to photosensitisers and other biocides. In this study, the yeasticidal and fungicidal activity benzalkonium chloride (BZC), sodium dichloroisocyanurate (NaDCC) and TBO with red light were examined using quantitative suspension tests. All three biocides were highly effective against Candida albicans and >5.0 log10 reductions in viability were attainable within 5 minutes. Wild-type A. brasiliensis conidia were highly tolerant to treatment and 0.4 log10 reductions in viability were observed within the same time frame when treated with TBO or BZC. NaDCC was markedly more effective. Inhibition of melanin biosynthesis by culturing with 100 μg ml-1 kojic acid resulted in a hypopigmented phenotype with significantly increased sensitivity to all three biocides. These observations indicate that melanin is a significant contributor toward A. brasiliensis tolerance of biocides and photosensitisers and demonstrate that cationic biocides are poorly suited to applications where the control of A. brasiliensis is required.

中文翻译:

黑色素在曲霉对杀生物剂和光敏剂耐受中的作用

阳离子杀菌剂广泛用于表面消毒。光敏剂如甲苯胺蓝 O (TBO) 在光激发后会产生活性氧物质,并且正在研究作为类似应用的新型杀生物剂。巴西曲霉分生孢子含有黑色素,可防止环境压力。黑色素的负电荷和抗氧化特性可能赋予对光敏剂和其他杀生物剂的抵抗力。在这项研究中,使用定量悬浮试验检测了苯扎氯铵 (BZC)、二氯异氰尿酸钠 (NaDCC) 和红光下的 TBO 的杀酵母和杀真菌活性。所有三种杀生物剂对白色念珠菌都非常有效,并且在 5 分钟内可实现生存力降低 5.0 log10 以上。野生型 A。brasiliensis 分生孢子对处理具有高度耐受性,当用 TBO 或 BZC 处理时,在同一时间范围内观察到存活率降低 0.4 log10。NaDCC 明显更有效。通过用 100 μg ml-1 曲酸培养来抑制黑色素生物合成导致色素减退表型,对所有三种杀生物剂的敏感性显着增加。这些观察结果表明黑色素是 A. brasiliensis 对杀虫剂和光敏剂的耐受性的重要贡献者,并表明阳离子杀虫剂不适用于需要控制 A. brasiliensis 的应用。通过用 100 μg ml-1 曲酸培养来抑制黑色素生物合成导致色素减退表型,对所有三种杀生物剂的敏感性显着增加。这些观察结果表明黑色素是 A. brasiliensis 对杀虫剂和光敏剂的耐受性的重要贡献者,并表明阳离子杀虫剂不适用于需要控制 A. brasiliensis 的应用。通过用 100 μg ml-1 曲酸培养来抑制黑色素生物合成导致色素减退表型,对所有三种杀生物剂的敏感性显着增加。这些观察结果表明黑色素是 A. brasiliensis 对杀虫剂和光敏剂的耐受性的重要贡献者,并表明阳离子杀虫剂不适用于需要控制 A. brasiliensis 的应用。
更新日期:2020-12-19
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