The real key structures of urban railway vehicle are costly and dangerous, but students majoring in relevant fields have to acquire skills needed to operate the key structures to get good jobs or do academic research easily. The virtual reality (VR) technology, which has been used in many fields, can provide students with a unique learning experience. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the impact of VR on the operational skills and cognitive load in students studying urban railway vehicle engineering. A virtual reality learning environment (VRLE) was designed to help students understand how a bogie is dismantled or assembled, thus enabling them to dismantle or assemble bogie. The experimental subjects were randomly divided into an experimental group and a control group, and each group contained 31 male and 9 female freshmen majoring in urban railway vehicle engineering. Corresponding pretests, teaching activities, and posttests were carried out according to the proposed teaching and experimental designs. The VRLE was used to teach the students in the experimental group, whereas the other group was taught by traditional teaching methods. The experimental results show that VR played a positive part in the students' acquisition of operational skills and the VRLE was helpful in reducing the cognitive load in the students when they were performing experiments. The results reveal that VR technology has a positive impact on the education in urban railway vehicle engineering.

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虚拟现实技术在城市轨道交通车辆工程教学中的作用

真正的城轨车辆关键结构成本高、危险性大，但相关专业的学生必须掌握操作关键结构所需的技能才能找到好工作或轻松进行学术研究。虚拟现实（VR）技术已经在许多领域得到应用，可以为学生提供独特的学习体验。本文的目的是调查虚拟现实对城市轨道车辆工程专业学生操作技能和认知负荷的影响。虚拟现实学习环境 (VRLE) 旨在帮助学生了解如何拆卸或组装转向架，从而使他们能够拆卸或组装转向架。实验对象随机分为实验组和对照组，每组包括城市轨道车辆工程专业的男31人，女9人。根据提出的教学和实验设计，开展了相应的前测、教学活动和后测。实验组学生采用VRLE教学，另一组采用传统教学方法教学。实验结果表明，VR对学生操作技能的获得起到了积极的作用，VRLE有助于减轻学生在进行实验时的认知负荷。结果表明，VR技术对城轨车辆工程教育有积极的影响。并根据提出的教学和实验设计进行后测。实验组学生采用VRLE教学，另一组采用传统教学方法教学。实验结果表明，VR对学生操作技能的获得起到了积极的作用，VRLE有助于减轻学生在进行实验时的认知负荷。结果表明，VR技术对城轨车辆工程教育有积极的影响。并根据提出的教学和实验设计进行后测。实验组学生采用VRLE教学，另一组采用传统教学方法教学。实验结果表明，VR对学生操作技能的获得起到了积极的作用，VRLE有助于减轻学生在进行实验时的认知负荷。结果表明，VR技术对城轨车辆工程教育有积极的影响。获得操作技能和 VRLE 有助于减轻学生在进行实验时的认知负荷。结果表明，VR技术对城轨车辆工程教育有积极的影响。获得操作技能和 VRLE 有助于减轻学生在进行实验时的认知负荷。结果表明，VR技术对城轨车辆工程教育有积极的影响。