Celiac disease (CD) is a common autoimmune disorder triggered by the ingestion of gluten in genetically susceptible individuals. Although the mechanisms underlying gliadin-mediated activation of adaptive immunity in CD have been well-characterized, regulation of innate immune responses and the functions of certain immune cell populations within the epithelium and lamina propria are not well-understood at present. Innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) are types of innate immune cells that have lymphoid morphology, lack antigen-specific receptors, and play important roles in tissue homeostasis, inflammation, and protective immune responses against pathogens. Information regarding the diversity and functions of ILCs in lymphoid organs and at mucosal sites has grown over the past decade, and roles of different ILC subsets in the pathogenesis of some inflammatory intestinal diseases have been proposed. However, our understanding of the contribution of ILCs toward the initiation and progression of CD is still limited. In this review, we discuss current pathophysiological aspects of ILCs within the gastrointestinal tract, findings of recent investigations characterizing ILC alterations in CD and refractory CD, and suggest avenues for future research.

乳糜泻 (CD) 是一种常见的自身免疫性疾病，由遗传易感个体摄入麸质引发。尽管麦醇溶蛋白介导的 CD 适应性免疫激活的机制已得到充分表征，但目前对先天免疫反应的调节以及上皮和固有层内某些免疫细胞群的功能尚不清楚。先天淋巴细胞 (ILC) 是先天免疫细胞的类型，具有淋巴形态，缺乏抗原特异性受体，并在组织稳态、炎症和针对病原体的保护性免疫反应中发挥重要作用。在过去十年中，有关淋巴器官和粘膜部位 ILC 的多样性和功能的信息不断增加，已经提出了不同 ILC 亚群在一些炎症性肠道疾病发病机制中的作用。然而，我们对 ILCs 对 CD 发生和进展的贡献的理解仍然有限. 在这篇综述中，我们讨论了胃肠道内 ILC 的当前病理生理学方面，近期研究的结果表征了 CD 和难治性 CD 中的 ILC 改变，并提出了未来研究的途径。