The study described here examined the effects of cavitation nuclei characteristics on histotripsy. High-speed optical imaging was used to compare bubble cloud behavior and ablation capacity for histotripsy generated from intrinsic and artificial cavitation nuclei (gas-filled microbubbles, fluid-filled nanocones). Results showed a significant decrease in the cavitation threshold for microbubbles and nanocones compared with intrinsic-nuclei controls, with predictable and well-defined bubble clouds generated in all cases. Red blood cell experiments showed complete ablations for intrinsic and nanocone phantoms, but only partial ablation in microbubble phantoms. Results also revealed a lower rate of ablation in artificial-nuclei phantoms because of reduced bubble expansion (and corresponding decreases in stress and strain). Overall, this study demonstrates the potential of using artificial nuclei to reduce the histotripsy cavitation threshold while highlighting differences in the bubble cloud behavior and ablation capacity that need to be considered in the future development of these approaches.

这里描述的研究检查了空化核特征对组织分析的影响。高速光学成像用于比较由固有和人工空化核（充气微泡、流体填充纳米锥）产生的组织分析的气泡云行为和消融能力。结果表明，与固有核控制相比，微泡和纳米锥​​的空化阈值显着降低，在所有情况下都产生了可预测且定义明确的气泡云。红细胞实验显示内在和纳米锥体模完全消融，但微泡体模仅部分消融。结果还显示，由于气泡膨胀减少（以及相应的应力和应变减少），人造核体模的消融率较低。全面的，