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Sea lion hunting strategies among Late Holocene hunter-gatherer-fishers on Santa Catalina Island, California, USA
Quaternary International ( IF 2.2 ) Pub Date : 2020-12-01 , DOI: 10.1016/j.quaint.2020.12.011
Hugh D. Radde

Abstract There is ongoing debate in northeastern Pacific coast archaeology over the degree to which humans impacted pinniped ecologies, and how ancient oceangoing canoes and pinniped hunting influenced social complexity. This study presents the analysis of vertebrate fauna from the West End site (CA-SCAI-106) on Santa Catalina Island, California that is characterized by an abundance of eared seals (e.g., California sea lion, Zalophus californianus) and explores butchering and transport decisions made by hunters in the late Holocene (∼1315-570 cal BP). Age and sex data demonstrate that indigenous people exploited rookeries with access to adult males and females, as well as juvenile pups. Subadults were the most sought after demographic category, likely due to their density at haul-outs, their size that facilitates easier transportation, and the sustainable offtake strategy that does not drastically impact future generations. Canoes likely aided in the transportation of select animal parts, but did not facilitate offshore hunting. These findings are integrated into regional history and paleoenvironment reconstructions and provide a case study for understanding the role of marine mammals in indigenous Californian lifeways with broader implications for the dynamic character of human-environment interactions, particularly with respect to the role of human predation.

中文翻译:

美国加利福尼亚州圣卡塔利娜岛全新世晚期狩猎采集渔民的海狮狩猎策略

摘要 在东北太平洋海岸考古学中,关于人类对鳍足类生态的影响程度,以及古代远洋独木舟和鳍足类狩猎如何影响社会复杂性,一直存在争论。本研究对加利福尼亚州圣卡塔利娜岛西端遗址 (CA-SCAI-106) 的脊椎动物群进行了分析,该地区以大量有耳海豹(例如加利福尼亚海狮、Zalophus californianus)为特征,并探讨了屠宰和运输猎人在全新世晚期(~1315-570 cal BP)做出的决定。年龄和性别数据表明,土著人利用繁殖地获取成年雄性和雌性以及幼崽。Subadults 是最受追捧的人口统计类别,可能是因为它们在运输时的密度,它们的大小便于运输,以及不会对后代产生重大影响的可持续承购战略。独木舟可能有助于运输选定的动物部分,但不利于海上狩猎。这些发现被整合到区域历史和古环境重建中,并为理解海洋哺乳动物在加利福尼亚土著生活方式中的作用提供了一个案例研究,对人类与环境相互作用的动态特征具有更广泛的影响,特别是在人类捕食的作用方面。
更新日期:2020-12-01
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