Several models have been considered: those that describe mutation fixation in asexually or sexually reproducing species during speciation and are based on stochastic processes and a percolation selection lattice for mutation selection through generations and a trigger model of mutation fixation in a population cluster, which are based on both stochastic and deterministic processes. Lower (reversible processes) and upper (irreversible processes) thresholds were shown to be characteristic of mutation fixation through a percolation selection lattice. An unstable state that is caused by the cooperative effects of interactions between mutant individuals was found to evolve into a qualitatively new stable state; i.e., a new species arises or the population becomes extinct, depending on whether the mutations are advantageous or harmful.

已经考虑了几种模型：这些模型描述了物种形成过程中无性繁殖或有性繁殖物种中的突变固定，并且基于随机过程和用于世代选择突变的渗滤选择网格，以及基于种群集群中突变固定的触发模型。随机和确定性过程。较低（可逆过程）和较高（不可逆过程）阈值显示为通过渗透选择晶格进行突变固定的特征。由突变个体之间相互作用的协同作用引起的不稳定状态被发现发展为定性的新稳定状态。也就是说，根据突变是有利还是有害，新物种的出现或种群的灭绝。