Abstract In Costa Rica, tomato (Solanum lycopersicum Linnaeus) Linnaeus (Solanales: Solanaceae) is one of the crops most severely affected by the whiteflies (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) Trialeurodes vaporariorum (Westwood) and the Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) species complex. The objective of this study was to monitor the spatial distribution and diversity of these species and to detect the presence of secondary bacterial endosymbionts in individuals collected in areas of intensive tomato production. In total, 628 whitefly individuals were identified to the species level using restriction analysis (PCR-RFLP) of a fragment of the mitochondrial cytochrome C oxidase I gene (mtCOI). Trialeurodes vaporariorum was the predominant species, followed by B. tabaci Mediterranean (MED). Bemisia tabaci New World (NW) and B. tabaci Middle East-Asia Minor 1 (MEAM1) were present in lower numbers. The mtCOI fragment was sequenced for 89 individuals and a single haplotype was found for each whitefly species. Using molecular markers, the 628 individuals were analyzed for the presence of four endosymbionts. Arsenophonus Gherna et al. (Enterobacterales: Morganellaceae) was most frequently associated with T. vaporariorum, whereas Wolbachia Hertig (Rickettsiales: Anaplasmataceae) and Rickettsia da Rocha-Lima (Rickettsiales: Rickettsiaceae) were associated with B. tabaci MED. This study confirmed that B. tabaci NW has not been completely displaced by the invasive species B. tabaci MED and B. tabaci MEAM1 present in the country. An association was found between whitefly species present in tomato and certain secondary endosymbionts, elevation was the most likely environmental factor to affect their frequency.

中文翻译：

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哥斯达黎加番茄田粉虱物种（半翅目：粉虱科）的空间分布和次生细菌内共生体的鉴定

摘要 在哥斯达黎加，番茄（Solanum lycopersicum Linnaeus）Linnaeus（茄目：茄科）是受粉虱（半翅目：粉虱科）Trialeurodesvaporariorum（Westwood）和烟粉虱（Gennadius）复合体影响最严重的作物之一。本研究的目的是监测这些物种的空间分布和多样性，并检测在番茄集约生产地区收集的个体中是否存在次生细菌内共生体。通过对线粒体细胞色素 C 氧化酶 I 基因 (mtCOI) 片段进行限制性分析 (PCR-RFLP)，总共鉴定了 628 只烟粉虱个体。烟粉虱是主要物种，其次是地中海烟粉虱 (MED)。新世界烟粉虱 (NW) 和中东-小亚细亚烟粉虱 1 (MEAM1) 的数量较低。对 89 个个体的 mtCOI 片段进行了测序，发现每个粉虱物种都有一个单倍型。使用分子标记，对 628 名个体进行了四种内共生体的分析。Arsenophonus Gherna 等人。（肠杆菌目：摩根菌科）最常与 T.vaporariorum 相关，而 Wolbachia Hertig（立克次体目：无形体科）和 Rickettsia da Rocha-Lima（立克次体目：立克次体科）与烟粉虱 MED 相关。这项研究证实，烟粉虱 NW 尚未完全被该国存在的入侵物种烟粉虱 MED 和烟粉虱 MEAM1 取代。研究发现番茄中存在的粉虱种类与某些次生内共生体之间存在关联，海拔是影响其频率的最可能的环境因素。