The house fly is a ubiquitous pest commonly associated with animal facilities and urban waste. When present in large numbers, house flies can negatively impact humans and animals through nuisance and the transmission of pathogens. Since the development of fly traps and sticky papers to capture flies in the late 1800s, these and other methods have been used as a means to monitor change in house fly density or fly activity over time. Methods include substrate sampling to record density of immature flies, visual observations of adult fly activity, instantaneous counts of landing or resting flies, accumulation of adult flies on/in traps, or accumulation of fly fecal and regurgitation spots deposited by flies onto white cards. These methods do not estimate true house fly density, but rather provide an index of house fly activity that is related to both fly density and the frequency of individual fly behavior (e.g., frequency of flight, landing events) and which is likely more predictive of negative impacts such as nuisance and pathogen transmission. Routine monitoring of house fly activity is a critical component of a house fly management program. Fly activity should be held to a level below a predetermined activity threshold ('action threshold') above which negative impacts are anticipated to occur. This article is a review of methods utilized for monitoring house fly (Diptera: Muscidae) activity.

中文翻译：

---

监测家蝇（家蝇）丰度和活动的方法回顾

家蝇是一种普遍存在的害虫，通常与动物设施和城市垃圾有关。当大量存在时，家蝇会通过滋扰和病原体传播对人类和动物产生负面影响。自 1800 年代后期开发捕蝇器和粘纸来捕获苍蝇以来，这些方法和其他方法已被用作监测家蝇密度或苍蝇活动随时间变化的手段。方法包括记录未成熟苍蝇密度的基质取样、成年苍蝇活动的目视观察、着陆或静止苍蝇的瞬时计数、成虫在陷阱上/在陷阱中的积累，或苍蝇沉积在白卡上的苍蝇粪便和反流点的积累。这些方法不能估计真实的家蝇密度，而是提供与苍蝇密度和个体苍蝇行为频率（例如，飞行频率、着陆事件）相关的家蝇活动指数，它可能更能预测负面影响，例如滋扰和病原体传播。家蝇活动的常规监测是家蝇管理计划的重要组成部分。苍蝇活动应保持在低于预期会发生负面影响的预定活动阈值（“行动阈值”）以下。本文回顾了用于监测家蝇（双翅目：蝇科）活动的方法。家蝇活动的常规监测是家蝇管理计划的重要组成部分。苍蝇活动应保持在低于预定活动阈值（“行动阈值”）的水平，高于该阈值预计会发生负面影响。本文回顾了用于监测家蝇（双翅目：蝇科）活动的方法。家蝇活动的常规监测是家蝇管理计划的重要组成部分。苍蝇活动应保持在低于预期会发生负面影响的预定活动阈值（“行动阈值”）以下。本文回顾了用于监测家蝇（双翅目：蝇科）活动的方法。