1. Home range dynamics and movement are central to a species' ecology and strongly mediate both intra‐ and interspecific interactions. Numerous methods have been introduced to describe animal home ranges, but most lack predictive ability and cannot capture the effects of dynamic environmental patterns, such as the impacts of air and water flow on movement.
2. Here, we develop a practical, multi‐stage approach for statistical inference into the behavioural mechanisms underlying how habitat and dynamic energy landscapes—in this case how airflow increases or decreases the energetic efficiency of flight—shape animal home ranges based around central places. We validated the new approach using simulations, then applied it to a sample of 12 adult golden eagles Aquila chrysaetos tracked with satellite telemetry.
3. The application to golden eagles revealed the effects of habitat variables that align with predicted behavioural ecology. Further, we found that males and females partition their home ranges dynamically based on uplift. Specifically, changes in wind and sun angle drove differential space use between sexes, especially later in the breeding season when energetic demands of growing nestlings require both parents to forage more widely.
4. This method is easily implemented using widely available programming languages and is based on a hierarchical multistate Ornstein–Uhlenbeck space use process that incorporates habitat and energy landscapes. The underlying mathematical properties of the model allow straightforward computation of predicted utilization distributions, permitting estimation of home range size and visualization of space use patterns under varying conditions.

中文翻译：

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多州Ornstein–Uhlenbeck方法用于实际估算中心地点周围的移动和资源选择

1. 家庭范围的动态和运动对于物种的生态至关重要，并强烈介导种内和种间的相互作用。已经引入了许多方法来描述动物的居所范围，但是大多数方法缺乏预测能力，并且无法捕获动态环境模式的影响，例如空气和水的流动对运动的影响。
2. 在这里，我们开发了一种实用的，多阶段的方法来进行统计推断，以了解栖息地和动态能量景观（在这种情况下，气流如何增加或降低飞行的能量效率）如何影响围绕中心位置的动物栖息地的行为机制。我们通过仿真验证了该新方法，然后将其应用于通过卫星遥测跟踪的12只成年金鹰天鹰座chrysaetos的样本。
3. 在金鹰上的应用揭示了与预测行为生态相一致的栖息地变量的影响。此外，我们发现雄性和雌性会根据隆起动态地划分其家庭范围。具体而言，风和太阳角的变化驱使两性之间的空间利用差异，尤其是在繁殖季节后期，即当雏鸟生长的精力旺盛时，父母双方都必须更广泛地觅食。
4. 这种方法可以使用广泛可用的编程语言轻松实现，并且基于结合了栖息地和能源景观的分层多状态Ornstein–Uhlenbeck空间使用过程。该模型的基本数学属性允许直接计算预测的利用率分布，从而可以估计房屋范围大小并在变化的条件下可视化空间使用模式。