While biological invasions have the potential for large negative impacts on local communities and ecological interactions, increasing evidence suggests that species once considered major problems can decline over time. Declines often appear driven by natural enemies, diseases or evolutionary adaptations that selectively reduce populations of naturalised species and their impacts. Using permanent long‐term monitoring locations, we document declines of Alliaria petiolata (garlic mustard) in eastern North America with distinct local and regional dynamics as a function of patch residence time. Projected site‐specific population growth rates initially indicated expanding populations, but projected population growth rates significantly decreased over time and at the majority of sites fell below 1, indicating declining populations. Negative soil feedback provides a potential mechanism for the reported disappearance of ecological dominance of A. petiolata in eastern North America.

中文翻译：

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停留时间决定了北芥菜（Alliaria petiolata）在北美的入侵能力和表现

虽然生物入侵有可能对当地社区和生态互动造成巨大的负面影响，但越来越多的证据表明，曾经被认为是主要问题的物种会随着时间的流逝而减少。衰落通常是由天敌，疾病或进化适应驱动的，这些攻击选择性地减少了归化物种的种群及其影响。使用永久的长期监测地点，我们记录了小蒜Alliaria petiolata的下降（蒜芥）在北美东部，其局部和区域动态与斑块停留时间有关。预计的特定地点人口增长率最初表示人口在增长，但是预计的人口增长率会随着时间的推移而显着下降，并且大多数地点低于1，表明人口正在下降。负的土壤反馈为报道的北美东部矮小拟南芥生态优势的消失提供了潜在的机制。