Longevity, an important life-history trait, is determined by extrinsic and/or intrinsic causing mortality. Here, we used body mass (BM), field metabolic rate (FMR), longevity, and female maturity data reported from 300 amniote species to test whether 1) longevity was related to BM, FMR and female maturity, and 2) FMR, female maturity, or both, had a direct effect on longevity and whether an indirect effect of FMR on female maturity improved model fit. The results showed that BM was positively correlated with longevity and FMR, but negatively correlated with mass-specific FMR (mFMR) in amniotes. Phylogenetic confirmatory path analysis showed that, in the best model, longevity had a direct negative correlation with mFMR in lizards, and an indirect negative correlation with mFMR through female maturity in mammals. However, longevity had a direct positive correlation with mFMR in birds. Furthermore, longevity was positively correlated with female maturity in endotherms (birds and mammals) but weakly correlated with female maturity in ectotherms (lizards). Thus, our results are consistent with the life-history theory and the “rate-of-living” hypothesis in lizards and mammals but not support them in birds.

长寿是一种重要的生活史特征，由外在和/或内在的死亡率决定。在这里，我们使用 300 种羊膜动物报告的体重 (BM)、野外代谢率 (FMR)、寿命和雌性成熟度数据来测试是否 1) 长寿与 BM、FMR 和雌性成熟度有关，以及 2) FMR，雌性成熟度，或两者兼而有之，对寿命有直接影响，以及 FMR 对女性成熟度的间接影响是否会改善模型拟合。结果表明，BM与寿命和FMR呈正相关，但与羊膜质量特异性FMR（m FMR）呈负相关。系统发育验证路径分析表明，在最佳模型中，寿命与蜥蜴的m FMR呈直接负相关，与m FMR 通过哺乳动物的雌性成熟。然而，寿命与鸟类的m FMR呈正相关。此外，寿命与恒温动物（鸟类和哺乳动物）的雌性成熟度呈正相关，但与变温动物（蜥蜴）的雌性成熟度呈弱相关。因此，我们的结果与蜥蜴和哺乳动物的生命史理论和“生存率”假设一致，但不支持鸟类。