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EKT: Exercise-aware Knowledge Tracing for Student Performance Prediction
IEEE Transactions on Knowledge and Data Engineering ( IF 8.9 ) Pub Date : 2021-01-01 , DOI: 10.1109/tkde.2019.2924374
Qi Liu , Zhenya Huang , Yu Yin , Enhong Chen , Hui Xiong , Yu Su , Guoping Hu

For offering proactive services (e.g., personalized exercise recommendation) to the students in computer supported intelligent education, one of the fundamental tasks is predicting student performance (e.g., scores) on future exercises, where it is necessary to track the change of each student's knowledge acquisition during her exercising activities. Unfortunately, to the best of our knowledge, existing approaches can only exploit the exercising records of students, and the problem of extracting rich information existed in the materials (e.g., knowledge concepts, exercise content) of exercises to achieve both more precise prediction of student performance and more interpretable analysis of knowledge acquisition remains underexplored. To this end, in this paper, we present a holistic study of student performance prediction. To directly achieve the primary goal of performance prediction, we first propose a general Exercise-Enhanced Recurrent Neural Network (EERNN) framework by exploring both student's exercising records and the text content of corresponding exercises. In EERNN, we simply summarize each student's state into an integrated vector and trace it with a recurrent neural network, where we design a bidirectional LSTM to learn the encoding of each exercise from its content. For making final predictions, we design two implementations on the basis of EERNN with different prediction strategies, i.e., EERNNM with Markov property and EERNNA with Attention mechanism. Then, to explicitly track student's knowledge acquisition on multiple knowledge concepts, we extend EERNN to an explainable Exercise-aware Knowledge Tracing (EKT) framework by incorporating the knowledge concept information, where the student's integrated state vector is now extended to a knowledge state matrix. In EKT, we further develop a memory network for quantifying how much each exercise can affect the mastery of students on multiple knowledge concepts during the exercising process. Finally, we conduct extensive experiments and evaluate both EERNN and EKT frameworks on a large-scale real-world data. The results in both general and cold-start scenarios clearly demonstrate the effectiveness of two frameworks in student performance prediction as well as the superior interpretability of EKT.

中文翻译:

EKT:用于学生表现预测的运动意识知识追踪

为了向计算机支持的智能教育中的学生提供主动服务(例如,个性化的练习推荐),一项基本任务是预测学生在未来练习中的表现(例如,分数),其中需要跟踪每个学生的知识变化在她的锻炼活动中获得。遗憾的是,据我们所知,现有的方法只能利用学生的练习记录,以及提取练习材料(例如知识概念、练习内容)中存在的丰富信息来实现对学生的更精确预测的问题。对知识获取的性能和更具解释性的分析仍未得到充分探索。为此,在本文中,我们对学生表现预测进行了整体研究。为了直接实现成绩预测的主要目标,我们首先通过探索学生的练习记录和相应练习的文本内容,提出了一个通用的练习增强循环神经网络(EERNN)框架。在 EERNN 中,我们简单地将每个学生的状态汇总到一个集成向量中,并使用循环神经网络对其进行跟踪,我们在其中设计了一个双向 LSTM,从其内容中学习每个练习的编码。为了进行最终预测,我们在 EERNN 的基础上设计了两种不同预测策略的实现,即具有马尔可夫特性的 EERNNM 和具有注意力机制的 EERNNA。然后,为了明确跟踪学生对多个知识概念的知识获取,我们通过合并知识概念信息将 EERNN 扩展到可解释的练习感知知识跟踪 (EKT) 框架,其中学生的集成状态向量现在扩展到知识状态矩阵。在 EKT 中,我们进一步开发了一个记忆网络,用于量化每个练习在练习过程中对学生对多个知识概念的掌握程度的影响。最后,我们进行了广泛的实验,并在大规模真实世界数据上评估了 EERNN 和 EKT 框架。在一般和冷启动场景中的结果清楚地证明了两个框架在学生表现预测方面的有效性以及 EKT 的卓越可解释性。我们进一步开发了一个记忆网络,用于量化每个练习在练习过程中对学生对多个知识概念的掌握程度的影响。最后,我们进行了广泛的实验,并在大规模真实世界数据上评估了 EERNN 和 EKT 框架。在一般和冷启动场景中的结果清楚地证明了两个框架在学生表现预测方面的有效性以及 EKT 的卓越可解释性。我们进一步开发了一个记忆网络,用于量化每个练习在练习过程中对学生对多个知识概念的掌握程度的影响。最后,我们进行了广泛的实验,并在大规模真实世界数据上评估了 EERNN 和 EKT 框架。在一般和冷启动场景中的结果清楚地证明了两个框架在学生表现预测方面的有效性以及 EKT 的卓越可解释性。
更新日期:2021-01-01
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