Background: Dopaminergic medications administered to remedy motor symptoms in Parkinson’s disease are associated with an enhanced risk for impulse control disorders (ICD) and related compulsive behaviors (ICD-RB). Thus, the present study focuses on investigating the gender difference in the prevalence of ICD-RBs in Indian PD patients on dopamine replacement therapy (DRT), its impact on quality of life and to identify ICDs relevant in Indian scenario apart from the criteria set in QUIP-RS. Method: This was a hospital-based observational cross-sectional study in which Parkinson’s disease patients attending neurology clinic were included. Complete details of anti-parkinsonian therapy along with demographic and clinical variables were recorded on a predesigned Performa. Questionnaire for Impulsive-Compulsive Disorders in Parkinson’s disease (QUIP), which is a validated quick screening tool, was used to detect ICD-RBs. The relative frequency and comparative impact of ICD on health-related quality of life (QOL) was studied using validated PDQ-39 Questionnaire. Results: Out of 102 patients, at least one ICD or ICD-RB was present in 41.19% and ≥2 ICD-RBs were present in 15.59%. At least one ICD was present in 16.67%, any ICD-related compulsive behaviors was present in 34.31% patients. The most common was punding and compulsive medication use (12.75% each), followed by hobbyism (7.84%), compulsive eating (6.86%), pathological gambling (3.92%), and hypersexuality, walkabout, and compulsive shopping (2.94% each). ICDs not classified elsewhere such as trichotillomania were found 3 patients (2.94%). ICD-RBs showed a trend to be more frequent in women (44.82% women vs. 39.39% men). As compared with patients without ICD-RBs, those with ICD-RBs were found to have higher dose of LD and DA and higher Hoehn and Yahr stage. ICD-RBs have a negative impact on the quality of life of Parkinson’s disease patients. Conclusion: ICDs and ICD-RBs have been included in the behavioral spectrum of nonmotor symptoms in PD. PD patients are at increased risk of developing ICD-RBs which interfere with important activities and have obligation in ordinary life, leading to legal and psychological consequences with a great impact on QOL.


中文翻译：

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帕金森氏病患者冲动控制障碍和相关行为的性别差异及其对生活质量的影响


背景：用来治疗帕金森氏病运动症状的多巴胺能药物与冲动控制障碍（ICD）和相关强迫行为（ICD-RB）的风险增加有关。因此，本研究侧重于调查印度PD患者接受多巴胺替代疗法（DRT）的ICD-RB患病率的性别差异，其对生活质量的影响，并确定除印度标准中设定的标准以外与印度情况相关的ICD。 QUIP-RS。方法：这是一项基于医院的观察性横断面研究，其中包括就诊于神经内科诊所的帕金森氏病患者。预先设计的Performa记录了抗帕金森氏疗法的完整详细信息以及人口统计和临床变量。帕金森氏病冲动-强迫症问卷（QUIP）是一种经过验证的快速筛查工具，用于检测ICD-RB。使用经过验证的PDQ-39问卷调查了ICD对健康相关生活质量（QOL）的相对频率和相对影响。结果：在102名患者中，至少有1个ICD或ICD-RB占41.19％，≥2个ICD-RB占15.59％。16.67％的患者中至少存在ICD，34.31％的患者中存在任何与ICD相关的强迫行为。最常见的是打车和强迫性用药（每种占12.75％），其次是业余爱好（7.84％），强迫性进食（6.86％），病理性赌博（3.92％），性欲过大，人行横道和强迫性购物（每种2.94％） 。发现未归类于毛滴虫病的其他ICD 3例（2.94％）。ICD-RBs在女性中呈上升趋势（女性为44.82％，男性为39.39％）。与没有ICD-RB的患者相比，发现具有ICD-RB的患者具有更高的LD和DA剂量以及更高的Hoehn和Yahr分期。ICD-RB对帕金森氏病患者的生活质量有负面影响。结论： PD中的非运动性症状的行为谱已包括ICD和ICD-RB。PD患者患ICD-RB的风险增加，ICD-RB干扰重要活动并在日常生活中有义务，导致法律和心理后果，对生活质量有重大影响。