Abstract

Stachys schtschegleevii Sosn is an endemic medicinal plant that belongs to the Lamiaceae family and is mainly grown in the Northwestern parts of Iran. This plant contains essential oils that are medicinally valuable with very few available information on them. In this study, the aerial parts of S. schtschegleevii were collected at different plant growth stages (Vegetative, flowering, seed set and seed ripping) and their essential oil (EO) compositions were determined at each stage separately. In order to determine EO contents in S. schtschegleevii, the hydrodistillation method was used. The chemical compounds were then analyzed by gas chromatography (GC) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) methods in all studied stages. The highest EO yield was observed in the flowering stage (0.25 %). Significant variations were detected in EO compounds during various stages of growth. In vegetative stages, spathulenol (19.63 %), germacrene-D (11.3 %), α-pinene (7.8 %), α-cadinol (5.8 %) and β-eudesmol (7.2 %) were the major components; while in the flowering stages, the major compounds were α-pinene (15 %), germacrene-D (12.6 %), spathulenol (12 %) and β-pinene (5.9 %). α-pinene (17.9 %), α-cadinol (12.4 %), germacrene-D (11.6 %) and spathulenol (6.5 %) were the prominent constituent of the essential oil during seedset stage. Finally, when the seeds ripened, the main components of EO were reported as α-pinene (19.5 %), spathulenol (14.68 %), α-cadinol (10.5 %) and germacrene-D (5.6 %). In the seed ripping stage, monoterpene hydrocarbons recorded as the most dominant component (37.0 %). In the flowering stage, this component was as low as 15.4 % where the highest compound was α-pinene that followed by oxygenated sesquiterpenes. Also, the highest total phenol accumulation (81.70 mg GAE/g DW) and total flavonoid (8.70 mg QE/ g DW) were observed in the flowering stage which is also considered as the stage with maximum antioxidant activity. Based on the results, the flowering stage is the best harvesting time for S. schtschegleevii plants to produce EO for both food and pharmaceutical purposes.

摘要

Stachys schtschegleevii Sosn是一种特有的药用植物，隶属于唇形科，主要生长在伊朗西北部。这种植物含有的精油具有药用价值，几乎没有可用的信息。在这项研究中，S的空中部分。在不同的植物生长阶段（营养，开花，结实和种子剥落）收集schschchegleevii，并在每个阶段分别确定其精油（EO）组成。为了确定S中的EO含量。schtschegleevii，使用加氢蒸馏法。然后在所有研究阶段通过气相色谱（GC）和气相色谱-质谱（GC-MS）方法分析化合物。在开花期观察到最高的EO产量（0.25％）。在生长的各个阶段，EO化合物均检测到显着变化。在营养阶段，主要成分为芦丁烯酚（19.63％），germ三丁烯-D（11.3％），α-pine烯（7.8％），α-蓖麻醇（5.8％）和β-香茅酚（7.2％）。而在开花期，主要化合物为α-pine烯（15％），germ草烯-D（12.6％），spathulenol（12％）和β-pine烯（5.9％）。α-pine烯（17.9％），α-卡迪诺（12.4％），germ烯-D（11.6％）和五香酚（6.5％）是种子期精油的主要成分。最后，当种子成熟时，据报道，EO的主要成分为α-pine烯（19.5％），spathulenol（14.68％），α-cadinol（10.5％）和除ac烯D（5.6％）。在种子剥除阶段，单萜碳氢化合物被记录为最主要的成分（37.0％）。在开花期，该成分低至15.4％，其中最高的化合物是α-pine烯，其次是氧化的倍半萜。另外，在开花期观察到最高的总酚累积量（81.70 mg GAE / g DW）和总黄酮（8.70 mg QE / g DW），也被认为是具有最大抗氧化活性的阶段。根据结果​​，开花期是最佳收获时间。0％）。在开花期，该成分低至15.4％，其中最高的化合物是α-pine烯，其次是氧化的倍半萜。另外，在开花期观察到最高的总酚累积量（81.70 mg GAE / g DW）和总黄酮（8.70 mg QE / g DW），也被认为是具有最大抗氧化活性的阶段。根据结果​​，开花期是最佳收获时间。0％）。在开花期，该成分低至15.4％，其中最高的化合物是α-pine烯，其次是氧化的倍半萜。另外，在开花期观察到最高的总酚累积量（81.70 mg GAE / g DW）和总黄酮（8.70 mg QE / g DW），也被认为是具有最大抗氧化活性的阶段。根据结果​​，开花期是最佳收获时间。S. schtschegleevii工厂生产用于食品和制药目的的EO。