Rosmarinic acid is a phenolic compound commonly found in the Lamiaceae (Labiateae) plant species. It is considered responsible for a wide spectrum of biological and pharmacological activities of plants containing this compound. The aim of the current review is to present the fate of rosmarinic acid inside the human body, explained through pharmacokinetic steps and to briefly present the health benefits of RA. Pharmacokinetics was at first studied in animal models, but several studies were conducted in humans as well. This compound can be applied topically, pulmonary, intranasally, and via intravenous infusion. However, peroral application is the main route of entry into the human body. Presumably, it is mainly metabolized by the gut microflora, providing simple, more easily absorbed phenolic units. Inside the body, the rosmarinic acid molecule undergoes structural changes, as well as conjugation reactions. Renal excretion represents the main path of elimination. Previously conducted studies reported no serious adverse effects of herbal remedies containing RA, as well as their positive effects on human health. In addition to in vitro studies, clinical investigations suggested its benefits in dermatological, allergic, and osteoarthritic disorders, as well as for improving cognitive performance and in metabolic syndrome treatment. Future studies should investigate the kinetics during long-term application in patients who would have potential benefits from RA usage. Pharmaceutical formulations designed to prevent the fast metabolism of RA and allow its penetration into other compartments of the human body are also interesting topics for future research.

中文翻译：

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迷迭香酸——人体药代动力学和健康益处

迷迭香酸是一种常见于唇形科（唇形科）植物物种中的酚类化合物。人们认为它对含有该化合物的植物具有广泛的生物和药理活性负责。本综述的目的是介绍迷迭香酸在人体内的命运，通过药代动力学步骤进行解释，并简要介绍 RA 的健康益处。最初在动物模型中研究了药代动力学，但也对人体进行了几项研究。这种化合物可以局部、肺部、鼻内和静脉输注应用。然而，口服是进入人体的主要途径。据推测，它主要由肠道菌群代谢，提供简单、更容易吸收的酚类单位。身体内部，迷迭香酸分子会发生结构变化以及结合反应。肾脏排泄代表消除的主要途径。先前进行的研究报告说，含有 RA 的草药没有严重的副作用，以及它们对人类健康的积极影响。除了体外研究外，临床研究表明它对皮肤病、过敏和骨关节炎疾病以及改善认知能力和代谢综合征治疗都有好处。未来的研究应该调查长期应用在可能从 RA 使用中获益的患者中的动力学。旨在防止 RA 快速代谢并允许其渗透到人体其他部位的药物制剂也是未来研究的有趣课题。