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Tenure reform for better forestry: An unfinished policy agenda
Forest Policy and Economics ( IF 4 ) Pub Date : 2021-02-01 , DOI: 10.1016/j.forpol.2020.102376
Safia Aggarwal , Anne Larson , Constance McDermott , Pia Katila , Lukas Giessen

Abstract The global community is currently grappling with multiple and overlapping social and environmental threats. These include the climate emergency, COVID-19 and the threat of widespread hunger, and the accelerating loss of biodiversity. All of these threats point to an urgent need to restore and sustainably manage land and forests. Studies are pointing to the critical role of tenure reform, and in particular strengthening collective forest tenure, as an effective means to reduce deforestation, mitigate climate change, restore ecosystem services and maintain biodiversity. Since the 1970s, countries worldwide have attempted to better recognize the customary rights of local communities. Yet despite over 40 years of effort, collective forest tenure reforms have yielded only moderate results. This article draws on recent assessments conducted in 23 countries by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) on community-based forestry and associated forest tenure regimes based on the internationally endorsed Voluntary Guidelines on the Responsible Governance of Tenure (the VGGT). The findings suggest that governments are increasingly giving legal recognition to community rights to use both timber and non-timber forest products for commercial purposes. Yet, the tenure provided to collective forestry is less robust than that held by companies and smallholders in a number of ways. These include fewer legal protections, more barriers to the use of these rights, inadequate access to justice, and less administrative support in documenting rights. Furthermore, in many cases the existing community forestry legal provisions are not implemented. The relatively successful cases suggest that with robust tenure, communities and smallholders can be potent vehicles for moving towards sustainable forest management and mitigating climate change, improving local livelihoods, contributing to timber and non-timber product economies, and achieving several of the Sustainable Development Goals. But for this, governments will need to strengthen community and local rights within their legal frameworks and mainstream implementation in government policies and practices. Non-governmental organizations, civil society organizations, donors, research institutions and academia can provide important support through policy implementation, research, and ensuring inclusive policy formulation processes.

中文翻译:

改善林业的权属改革:未完成的政策议程

摘要 全球社会目前正在努力应对多重重叠的社会和环境威胁。其中包括气候紧急情况、COVID-19 和普遍饥饿的威胁,以及生物多样性的加速丧失。所有这些威胁都表明迫切需要恢复和可持续管理土地和森林。研究指出权属改革的关键作用,特别是加强集体林权,作为减少森林砍伐、缓解气候变化、恢复生态系统服务和维护生物多样性的有效手段。自 1970 年代以来,世界各国都试图更好地承认当地社区的习惯权利。然而,尽管经过 40 多年的努力,集体林权改革只取得了温和的成果。本文借鉴了联合国粮食及农业组织 (FAO) 根据国际认可的权属负责任治理自愿准则 (VGGT) 在 23 个国家/地区对基于社区的林业和相关林权制度进行的最新评估. 调查结果表明,政府越来越多地对社区将木材和非木材林产品用于商业目的的权利给予法律承认。然而,在许多方面,集体林业的保有权不如公司和小农的保有权。这些包括较少的法律保护、使用这些权利的更多障碍、诉诸司法的机会不足以及在记录权利方面的行政支持较少。此外,在许多情况下,现有的社区林业法律规定没有得到执行。相对成功的案例表明,拥有稳健的保有权,社区和小农可以成为实现可持续森林管理和减缓气候变化、改善当地生计、促进木材和非木材产品经济以及实现若干可持续发展目标的有力工具. 但为此,政府需要在其法律框架内加强社区和地方权利,并将实施纳入政府政策和实践的主流。非政府组织、民间社会组织、捐助者、研究机构和学术界可以通过政策实施、研究和确保包容性政策制定过程提供重要支持。相对成功的案例表明,拥有稳健的保有权,社区和小农可以成为实现可持续森林管理和减缓气候变化、改善当地生计、促进木材和非木材产品经济以及实现若干可持续发展目标的有力工具. 但为此,政府需要在其法律框架内加强社区和地方权利,并将实施纳入政府政策和实践的主流。非政府组织、民间社会组织、捐助者、研究机构和学术界可以通过政策实施、研究和确保包容性政策制定过程提供重要支持。相对成功的案例表明,拥有稳健的保有权,社区和小农可以成为实现可持续森林管理和减缓气候变化、改善当地生计、促进木材和非木材产品经济以及实现若干可持续发展目标的有力工具. 但为此,政府需要在其法律框架内加强社区和地方权利,并将实施纳入政府政策和实践的主流。非政府组织、民间社会组织、捐助者、研究机构和学术界可以通过政策实施、研究和确保包容性政策制定过程提供重要支持。社区和小农可以成为实现可持续森林管理和减缓气候变化、改善当地生计、促进木材和非木材产品经济以及实现若干可持续发展目标的有力工具。但为此,政府需要在其法律框架内加强社区和地方权利,并将实施纳入政府政策和实践的主流。非政府组织、民间社会组织、捐助者、研究机构和学术界可以通过政策实施、研究和确保包容性政策制定过程提供重要支持。社区和小农可以成为实现可持续森林管理和减缓气候变化、改善当地生计、促进木材和非木材产品经济以及实现若干可持续发展目标的有力工具。但为此,政府需要在其法律框架内加强社区和地方权利,并将实施纳入政府政策和实践的主流。非政府组织、民间社会组织、捐助者、研究机构和学术界可以通过政策实施、研究和确保包容性政策制定过程提供重要支持。并实现若干可持续发展目标。但为此,政府需要在其法律框架内加强社区和地方权利,并将实施纳入政府政策和实践的主流。非政府组织、民间社会组织、捐助者、研究机构和学术界可以通过政策实施、研究和确保包容性政策制定过程提供重要支持。并实现若干可持续发展目标。但为此,政府需要在其法律框架内加强社区和地方权利,并将实施纳入政府政策和实践的主流。非政府组织、民间社会组织、捐助者、研究机构和学术界可以通过政策实施、研究和确保包容性政策制定过程提供重要支持。
更新日期:2021-02-01
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