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The importance of the standardizing sampling methodology to detect altitudinal gradients in mountains: A study case for the resident bird community in a hotspot (Atlantic forest) and the Middle Domain Effect
Acta Oecologica ( IF 1.8 ) Pub Date : 2020-12-08 , DOI: 10.1016/j.actao.2020.103677
Carolina Demetrio Ferreira , Gilmar Perbiche-Neves

Among the theories that attempt to explain the elevational distribution of metazoan species along elevational gradients, the Mid-Domain Effect (MDE) is one of most debated and criticized. Here, we test whether the diversity of birds along elevational gradients in the Serra do Caparaó, a mountain of the Brazilian Atlantic Forest, is explicable by the MDE. We sampled an elevational gradient between 970 m.a.s.l. and 1970 m.a.s.l. of forest vegetation, with elevational bands every 100 m. We observed a hump-shaped richness pattern of birds along the gradient, with more species in intermediate elevations. It decreased at lower and higher elevations, thereby following a unimodal distribution. Distribution of species richness indicated a high correlation with the tested MDE null model. The result was the same for endemic species. Considering the total bird species registered, up to 30% are endemic and 9 are endangered. Threatened species richness followed a different elevational distribution along the gradient: three species occurred at the lower elevations, two at the interquartile elevations and four at the highest elevations. Despite finding more species in the intermediate elevations, the areas of low and high elevations are also important for the maintenance of endemic and threatened species. To test the MDE theory and compare our results with other studies, we highlight the importance of standardized samplings and habitats. Moreover, we focus on the characterization of the surrounding landscape, which can also influence the richness of bird species diversity.



中文翻译:

标准化采样方法对检测高山海拔梯度的重要性:热点(大西洋森林)中常驻鸟类群落和中域效应的研究案例

在试图解释后生动物沿海拔梯度的海拔分布的理论中,中域效应(MDE)是最受争议和批评的理论之一。在这里,我们测试了MDE是否可以解释巴西大西洋森林山区Serra doCaparaó沿海拔梯度的鸟类多样性。我们对海拔梯度为每100 m的970斜度和1970斜度的森林植被进行了采样。我们在梯度上观察到鸟类的驼峰状丰富度模式,中间高度有更多物种。它在较高和较低的高度处下降,从而遵循单峰分布。物种丰富度的分布表明与测试的MDE无效模型高度相关。对于地方物种而言,结果是相同的。考虑到已登记的鸟类总数,多达30%是地方性鸟类,其中9种濒临灭绝。受威胁的物种丰富度沿梯度呈不同的海拔分布:三种物种出现在较低的高度,两个物种出现在四分位数高度,四个出现在最高高度。尽管在中部海拔地区发现了更多物种,但低海拔和高海拔地区对于维护地方性和受威胁物种也很重要。为了检验MDE理论并将我们的结果与其他研究进行比较,我们强调了标准化采样和栖息地的重要性。此外,我们专注于周围景观的特征化,这也可能影响鸟类物种多样性的丰富性。受威胁的物种丰富度沿梯度呈不同的海拔分布:三种物种出现在较低的高度,两个物种出现在四分位数高度,四个出现在最高高度。尽管在中部海拔地区发现了更多物种,但低海拔和高海拔地区对于维护地方性和受威胁物种也很重要。为了检验MDE理论并将我们的结果与其他研究进行比较,我们强调了标准化采样和栖息地的重要性。此外,我们专注于周围景观的特征化,这也可能影响鸟类物种多样性的丰富性。受威胁的物种丰富度沿梯度呈不同的海拔分布:三种物种出现在较低的高度,两个物种出现在四分位数高度,四个出现在最高高度。尽管在中部海拔地区发现了更多物种,但低海拔和高海拔地区对于维护地方性和受威胁物种也很重要。为了检验MDE理论并将我们的结果与其他研究进行比较,我们强调了标准化采样和栖息地的重要性。此外,我们专注于周围景观的特征化,这也可能影响鸟类物种多样性的丰富性。尽管在中部海拔地区发现了更多物种,但低海拔和高海拔地区对于维护地方性和受威胁物种也很重要。为了检验MDE理论并将我们的结果与其他研究进行比较,我们强调了标准化采样和栖息地的重要性。此外,我们专注于周围景观的特征化,这也可能影响鸟类物种多样性的丰富性。尽管在中部海拔地区发现了更多物种,但低海拔和高海拔地区对于维护地方性和受威胁物种也很重要。为了检验MDE理论并将我们的结果与其他研究进行比较,我们强调了标准化采样和栖息地的重要性。此外,我们专注于周围景观的特征化,这也可能影响鸟类物种多样性的丰富性。

更新日期:2020-12-08
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