Matricaria chamomilla L. (GRIN; The Plant List 2013) is an important medicinal plant and one of the most frequently consumed tea plants. In order to assess mitochondrial genome variation of different cultivated chamomile accessions, 36 mitochondrial SNP markers were used in a HRM (high resolution melting) approach. In thirteen accessions of chamomile (n = 155), twenty mitochondrial haplotypes (genetic distances 0.028–0.693) were identified. Three of the accessions (‘Camoflora’, ‘Mat19’ and ‘Manzana’) were monomorphic. The highest genotypic variability was found for the Croatian accession ‘PG029’ with nine mitochondrial haplotypes (mitotypes) and the Argentinian ‘Argenmilla’ with seven mitotypes. However, most of the mitotypes detected in these accessions were infrequent in our sample set, thus disclosing an unusual high amount of substitutions within the mitochondrial genome of these accessions. The mitotypes with the highest frequency in the examined dataset were MT1 (n = 27), MT9 (n = 23) and MT17 (n = 20). All of the frequent mitochondrial lines are distributed not only over several accessions but also over several geographical origins. The origins often build a triplet with on average two to three concurrent lines. The most distantly related accessions were ‘Mat19’ and ‘Camoflora’ (0.539), while ‘PNOS’ and ‘Margaritar’ (0.007) showed the lowest genetic distance.

Matricaria chamomilla L. (GRIN; The Plant List 2013) 是一种重要的药用植物，也是最常食用的茶树植物之一。为了评估不同栽培洋甘菊品种的线粒体基因组变异，在 HRM（高分辨率熔解）方法中使用了 36 个线粒体 SNP 标记。在 13 种洋甘菊 ( n = 155），确定了 20 个线粒体单倍型（遗传距离 0.028-0.693）。三个种质（'Camoflora'、'Mat19' 和'Manzana'）是单形的。克罗地亚种质“PG029”具有九种线粒体单倍型（线粒体型）和阿根廷种质“Argenmilla”具有七种线粒体型，发现了最高的基因型变异性。然而，在这些种质中检测到的大多数有丝分裂型在我们的样本集中并不常见，因此揭示了这些种质的线粒体基因组内异常大量的替换。在检查的数据集中频率最高的有丝分裂型是 MT1 ( n  = 27), MT9 ( n  = 23) 和 MT17 ( n = 20）。所有常见的线粒体系不仅分布在几个种质上，而且分布在几个地理起源上。起源通常构建一个平均有两到三个并发行的三元组。最远亲的种质是 'Mat19' 和 'Camoflora' (0.539)，而 'PNOS' 和 'Margaritar' (0.007) 显示出最低的遗传距离。