Recent advances in genetic engineering and synthetic biology have enabled a variety of genetically modified microorganisms (GMOs) designed for open environmental applications. The use of GMOs in these applications, however, raised concerns about the spread of artificial biological matters into the natural environment. To address the issue, genetic biocontainment system has emerged as a way to prevent unauthorized propagation of GMOs and genetic materials into the ecosystem. In this review, we introduce biocontainment systems that control the proliferation of microorganisms and the release of genetic materials, focusing primarily on genetic means to eliminate cells and DNA. We outline each biocontainment system with representative examples, highlighting its advantages and disadvantages. We also discuss future challenges that genetic biocontainment systems should overcome for practical uses.

基因工程和合成生物学的最新进展使各种为开放环境应用而设计的转基因微生物（GMO）成为可能。然而，在这些应用中使用转基因生物引起了人们对人造生物物质向自然环境传播的担忧。为了解决这个问题，遗传生物遏制系统已经出现，可以防止转基因生物和遗传物质未经授权地传播到生态系统中。在这篇综述中，我们介绍了控制生物繁殖和遗传物质释放的生物遏制系统，主要侧重于消除细胞和DNA的遗传手段。我们用代表性的例子概述了每个生物遏制系统，并强调了其优缺点。