Biomass pre-treatment is gaining attention as a standalone process to improve the qualitative aspect of the lignocellulosic material. It has been gaining ground in the power station by replacing the coal with the pre-treated biomass. In this context, this paper enlightens the operating condition of carrying out the torrefaction so that the process can be made relatively more effective. The influence of physico-chemical characteristics on the heat of reaction of pyrolysis reactions, mass loss and temperature regimes are evaluated by thermogravimetry of the pre-treated samples of the pinecone; whereas, the structural transformation in the basic constituents is determined via knowing the fractional change in cellulose, hemicellulose and acid-insoluble lignin contents of the pine cone. The thermogravimetric (TGA) and differential thermal analysis (DTA) were performed to determine the physical as well as the thermal behaviour of the thermally processed biomass. The samples had undergone thermal decomposition at heating rates of 5 °C min−1, 10 °C min−1 and 15 °C min−1. Nitrogen gas was used as a purge gas for the pyrolysis of the pre-treated samples. The volumetric rate of 200 ml min−1 was pre-set for the thermal decomposition of the samples at 600 °C; whereas, the selected torrefaction temperature range varied from 210 to 250 °C. The heat of reaction for the pre-treated samples was found to vary from 1.04 to 1.52 MJ kg−1; whereas, it was 0.91–1.54 MJ kg−1 for the raw samples. The total annual production cost of processing 3.6 Mg of fuel in a year at a pilot scale was $ 36.72; whereas, the fiscal burden per kilogram of fuel during thermal degradation of the processed fuel was reduced by 0.08–1.5ȼ. The entropy of the system decreased with an increasing ramp rate. The exergetic gain in the system increased by 1–2%. The loss of energy during the energy-intensive processing of the pre-treated fuel was relatively low at a heating rate of 5 °C min−1. By the physico-chemical assessment, it was determined that pinecones required the highest torrefaction temperature and time to provide the upgraded pinecones. It was concluded that the duration of the torrefaction should be at least 15 min for a temperature of 250 °C so that the chemical exergy of the system, energy yield and the energy density of the processed material are qualitatively improved. The volatile and ash contents were noticed to decrease during the torrefaction process. The least fractional change in the volatile content was estimated at 210 °C for a torrefaction time of 15 min; whereas, the ash content was minimum at 210 °C for a torrefaction time of 5 min.

中文翻译：

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烘焙过的欧亚松果的理化评估

作为改善木质纤维素材料质量方面的独立过程，生物质预处理正受到关注。通过用预处理过的生物质代替煤炭，它已在发电厂得到了发展。在这种情况下，本文启发了进行烘焙的操作条件，从而使该过程相对更有效。理化性质对热解反应的反应热，质量损失和温度范围的影响通过热重分析法测定了松果酮的预处理样品。而基本成分的结构转变是通过了解松果中纤维素，半纤维素和酸不溶性木质素含量的分数变化来确定的。进行热重分析（TGA）和差热分析（​​DTA）以确定经过热处理的生物质的物理以及热行为。样品在5°C min-1、10°C min-1和15°C min-1的加热速率下经历了热分解。氮气用作吹扫气体，用于预处理样品的热解。预先设定了200 ml min-1的体积速率，以在600°C下对样品进行热分解。所选的烘焙温度范围为210至250°C。发现预处理样品的反应热为1.04到1.52 MJ kg-1。原始样品为0.91-1.54 MJ kg-1。在试点规模下，每年处理3.6 Mg燃料的年度总生产成本为36.72美元；而，在加工后的燃料热降解过程中，每公斤燃料的财政负担减少了0.08-1.5ȼ。系统的熵随着斜率的增加而减小。系统的精力充沛的人增加了1-2％。在5°C min-1的加热速率下，预处理后的燃料的能量密集型处理期间的能量损失相对较低。通过理化评估，确定松果需要最高的烘焙温度和时间才能提供升级的松果。得出的结论是，在250°C的温度下，烘烤的持续时间至少应为15分钟，以便从质量上改善系统的化学能级，能量产率和能量密度。在烘焙过程中，挥发性和灰分含量降低。挥发物含量的最小变化估计是在210°C下烘烤15分钟。然而，在5分钟的烘焙时间内，灰分含量在210°C时最低。