Hardware Trojans (HTs) have become a major threat for the integrated circuit industry and supply chain and have motivated numerous developments of HT detection schemes. Although the side-channel HT detection approach is among the most promising solutions, most of the previous methods require a trusted golden chip reference. Furthermore, detection accuracy is often influenced by environmental noise and process variations. In this article, a novel electromagnetic (EM) side-channel fingerprinting-based HT detection method is proposed. Different from previous methods, the proposed solution eliminates the requirement of a trusted golden fabricated chip. Rather, only the genuine RTL code is required to generate the EM signatures as references. A factor analysis method is utilized to extract the spectral features of the HT trigger’s EM radiation, and then a k -means clustering method is applied for HT detection. Experimentation on two selected sets of Trust-Hub benchmarks has been performed on FPGA platforms, and the results show that the proposed framework can detect all dormant HTs with a high confidence level.

中文翻译：

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利用 Trojan Trigger 的侧通道指纹进行 Golden Chip-Free 木马检测

硬件木马 (HT) 已成为集成电路行业和供应链的主要威胁，并推动了 HT 检测方案的大量发展。尽管侧通道 HT 检测方法是最有前途的解决方案之一，但以前的大多数方法都需要可信的黄金芯片参考。此外，检测精度通常受环境噪声和过程变化的影响。在本文中，提出了一种新的基于电磁（EM）侧信道指纹的HT检测方法。与以前的方法不同，所提出的解决方案消除了对可信黄金制造芯片的要求。相反，只需要真正的 RTL 代码来生成 EM 签名作为参考。采用因子分析方法提取HT触发器电磁辐射的光谱特征，ķ-means 聚类方法应用于 HT 检测。已在 FPGA 平台上对两组选定的 Trust-Hub 基准进行了实验，结果表明，所提出的框架可以以高置信度检测所有休眠的 HT。