The vehicle-following behavior is a self-organizing behavior that restores dynamic balance under the stimulation of external environmental factors. In fact, there are asymmetric problems in the process of acceleration and deceleration of drivers. The existing traditional models ignored the differences between acceleration and deceleration of vehicles. In order to solve this problem, the vehicles driving on the road are compared to interacting molecules. Vehicle-following characteristics are studied, and the molecular following model is established based on molecular dynamics. The model parameters under different conditions are calibrated considering the required safety distance by the vehicle and the reaction time of the driver. With the help of the vehicle running track graphs, speed, and acceleration graphs, the numerical simulations of the molecular following model and the classical optimal speed vehicle-following model are carried out. The results of the comparative analysis show that the acceleration in the process of acceleration and deceleration is not constant but more sensitive to the deceleration of the preceding vehicle than to the acceleration and more sensitive to the acceleration/deceleration of the short-distance vehicle than to the acceleration/deceleration of the long-distance vehicle. Therefore, the molecular following model can better describe the vehicle-following behavior, and the research results can provide a theoretical basis and a technical reference for the analysis of traffic flow dynamic characteristics and adaptive cruise control technology.

中文翻译：

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车辆跟随行为的分子动力学特征和模型

跟随车辆的行为是一种自组织行为，可以在外部环境因素的刺激下恢复动态平衡。实际上，驾驶员的加减速过程中存在不对称的问题。现有的传统模型忽略了车辆加速和减速之间的差异。为了解决这个问题，将在道路上行驶的车辆与相互作用的分子进行比较。研究了车辆的追随特性，并基于分子动力学建立了分子跟随模型。考虑到车辆所需的安全距离和驾驶员的反应时间，对不同条件下的模型参数进行了校准。借助车辆行驶轨迹图，速度和加速度图，对分子跟随模型和经典最优速度跟随模型进行了数值模拟。比较分析的结果表明，加减速过程中的加速度不是恒定的，而是对前车的减速比对加速度更敏感，对短途车辆的加减速比对前车的加速度更敏感。长途车辆的加/减速。因此，分子跟随模型可以较好地描述车辆的跟驰行为，研究结果可以为交通流动态特性分析和自适应巡航控制技术提供理论依据和技术参考。