Biomonitoring is a widely employed approach to track changes in the environment. Its use to assess the impact of geothermal energy exploitation for power production is comparatively minor, and largely referred to Tuscany, Italy, geothermal fields. Most examples describe impacts on vegetation, particularly lichens. Biomonitoring proved useful as a tool to reveal the distribution of specific contaminants (e.g., mercury and H2S), and as an overall indicator of the impact on ecosystems. In consideration of the comparatively low cost/benefit ratio, the use of biomonitoring should be encouraged. In particular, it could prove useful to establish the natural background prior to development of geothermal exploitation, and to document any subsequent change.

中文翻译：

---

地热区生物监测研究：综述

生物监测是一种广泛采用的跟踪环境变化的方法。它用于评估地热能开发对电力生产的影响相对较小，主要是指意大利托斯卡纳的地热田。大多数例子描述了对植被的影响，尤其是地衣。事实证明，生物监测可用作揭示特定污染物（例如汞和硫化氢）分布的工具，并作为对生态系统影响的总体指标。考虑到相对较低的成本/收益比，应鼓励使用生物监测。特别是，在开发地热开发之前确定自然背景并记录任何后续变化可能会很有用。