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Tools for experimental and computational analyses of off-target editing by programmable nucleases
Nature Protocols ( IF 14.8 ) Pub Date : 2020-12-07 , DOI: 10.1038/s41596-020-00431-y
X Robert Bao 1, 2 , Yidan Pan 3 , Ciaran M Lee 4 , Timothy H Davis 3 , Gang Bao 3
Affiliation  

Genome editing using programmable nucleases is revolutionizing life science and medicine. Off-target editing by these nucleases remains a considerable concern, especially in therapeutic applications. Here we review tools developed for identifying potential off-target editing sites and compare the ability of these tools to properly analyze off-target effects. Recent advances in both in silico and experimental tools for off-target analysis have generated remarkably concordant results for sites with high off-target editing activity. However, no single tool is able to accurately predict low-frequency off-target editing, presenting a bottleneck in therapeutic genome editing, because even a small number of cells with off-target editing can be detrimental. Therefore, we recommend that at least one in silico tool and one experimental tool should be used together to identify potential off-target sites, and amplicon-based next-generation sequencing (NGS) should be used as the gold standard assay for assessing the true off-target effects at these candidate sites. Future work to improve off-target analysis includes expanding the true off-target editing dataset to evaluate new experimental techniques and to train machine learning algorithms; performing analysis using the particular genome of the cells in question rather than the reference genome; and applying novel NGS techniques to improve the sensitivity of amplicon-based off-target editing quantification.



中文翻译:

可编程核酸酶脱靶编辑的实验和计算分析工具

使用可编程核酸酶进行基因组编辑正在彻底改变生命科学和医学。这些核酸酶的脱靶编辑仍然是一个相当大的问题,特别是在治疗应用中。在这里,我们回顾了为识别潜在的脱靶编辑站点而开发的工具,并比较了这些工具正确分析脱靶效应的能力。用于脱靶分析的计算机和实验工具的最新进展已经为具有高脱靶编辑活动的站点产生了非常一致的结果。然而,没有一种工具能够准确预测低频脱靶编辑,这是治疗性基因组编辑的瓶颈,因为即使是少量脱靶编辑的细胞也可能是有害的。所以,我们建议至少同时使用一种 in silico 工具和一种实验工具来识别潜在的脱靶位点,并应使用基于扩增子的下一代测序 (NGS) 作为评估真正脱靶位点的金标准分析。这些候选位点的目标效应。未来改进脱靶分析的工作包括扩展真正的脱靶编辑数据集,以评估新的实验技术和训练机器学习算法;使用相关细胞的特定基因组而不是参考基因组进行分析;并应用新的 NGS 技术来提高基于扩增子的脱靶编辑量化的灵敏度。和基于扩增子的下一代测序 (NGS) 应用作评估这些候选位点真正脱靶效应的金标准测定。未来改进脱靶分析的工作包括扩展真正的脱靶编辑数据集,以评估新的实验技术和训练机器学习算法;使用相关细胞的特定基因组而不是参考基因组进行分析;并应用新的 NGS 技术来提高基于扩增子的脱靶编辑量化的灵敏度。和基于扩增子的下一代测序 (NGS) 应用作评估这些候选位点真正脱靶效应的金标准测定。未来改进脱靶分析的工作包括扩展真正的脱靶编辑数据集,以评估新的实验技术和训练机器学习算法;使用相关细胞的特定基因组而不是参考基因组进行分析;并应用新的 NGS 技术来提高基于扩增子的脱靶编辑量化的灵敏度。使用相关细胞的特定基因组而不是参考基因组进行分析;并应用新的 NGS 技术来提高基于扩增子的脱靶编辑量化的灵敏度。使用相关细胞的特定基因组而不是参考基因组进行分析;并应用新的 NGS 技术来提高基于扩增子的脱靶编辑量化的灵敏度。

更新日期:2020-12-07
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