The ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters belong to a large protein family predominantly present in diverse species. ABC transporters are driven by ATP hydrolysis and can act as exporters as well as importers. These proteins are localized in the membranes of chloroplasts, mitochondria, peroxisomes and vacuoles. ABC proteins are involved in regulating diverse biological processes in plants, such as growth, development, uptake of nutrients, tolerance to biotic and abiotic stresses, tolerance to metal toxicity, stomatal closure, shape and size of grains, protection of pollens, transport of phytohormones, etc. In mitochondria and chloroplast, the iron metabolism and its transport across the membrane are mediated by ABC transporters. Tonoplast-localized ABC transporters are involved in internal detoxification of metal ion; thus protecting against the DNA impairment and maintaining cell growth. ABC transporters are involved in the transport of secondary metabolites inside the cells. Microorganisms also engage a large number of ABC transporters to import and expel substrates decisive for their pathogenesis. ABC transporters also suppress the seed embryonic growth until favorable conditions come. This review aims at giving insights on ABC transporters, their evolution, structure, functions and roles in different biological processes for helping the terrestrial plants to survive under adverse environmental conditions. These specialized plant membrane transporters ensure a sustainable economic yield and high-quality products, especially under unfavorable conditions of growth. These transporters can be suitably manipulated to develop 'Plants for the Future'.

中文翻译：

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ABC 转运蛋白在非生物和生物胁迫下维持植物稳态的作用

ATP 结合盒 (ABC) 转运蛋白属于主要存在于不同物种中的大型蛋白质家族。ABC 转运蛋白由 ATP 水解驱动，可以作为出口商和进口商。这些蛋白质位于叶绿体、线粒体、过氧化物酶体和液泡的膜中。ABC 蛋白参与调节植物的多种生物过程，例如生长、发育、营养物质的吸收、对生物和非生物胁迫的耐受性、对金属毒性的耐受性、气孔关闭、谷物的形状和大小、花粉的保护、植物激素的运输等。在线粒体和叶绿体中，铁代谢及其跨膜转运是由 ABC 转运蛋白介导的。Tonoplast 定位的 ABC 转运蛋白参与金属离子的内部解毒；从而防止 DNA 损伤并维持细胞生长。ABC 转运蛋白参与细胞内次级代谢物的转运。微生物还利用大量 ABC 转运蛋白来输入和排出对其发病机制起决定性作用的底物。ABC 转运蛋白还会抑制种子胚胎的生长，直到有利条件出现。本综述旨在深入了解 ABC 转运蛋白、它们的进化、结构、功能和在不同生物过程中的作用，以帮助陆生植物在不利的环境条件下生存。这些专门的植物膜转运蛋白确保可持续的经济产量和高质量的产品，尤其是在不利的生长条件下。可以适当地操纵这些转运蛋白来开发“未来植物”。