1. In heterogeneous environments, dispersal may be hampered not only by direct costs, but also because immigrants may be locally maladapted. While maladaptation affects both sexes, this cost may be modulated in females if they express mate preferences that are either adaptive or maladaptive in the new local population.
2. Dispersal costs under local adaptation may be mitigated if it is possible to switch to expressing traits of locally adapted residents. In a sexual selection context, immigrant females may learn to mate with locally favoured males. Mate‐choice copying is a type of social learning, where individuals, usually females, update their mating preferences after observing others mate. If it allows immigrant females to switch from maladapted to locally adapted preferences, their dispersal costs are mitigated as mate choice helps them create locally adapted offspring.
3. To study if copying can promote the evolution of dispersal, we created an individual‐based model to simulate the coevolution of four traits: copying, dispersal, a trait relevant for local adaptation, and female preference. We contrast two scenarios with copying—either unconditional or conditional such that only dispersers copy—with a control scenario that lacks any copying.
4. We show copying to lead to higher dispersal, especially if copying is conditionally expressed. This leads to an increase in gene flow between patches and, consequently, a decrease in local adaptation and trait‐preference correlations.
5. While our study is phrased with female preference as the learned trait, one may generally expect social learning to mitigate dispersal costs, with consequent feedback effects on the spatial dynamics of adaptation.

中文翻译：

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通过择偶复制进行的社会学习增加了分散感并减少了当地的适应性

1. 在异质环境中，散布不仅会受到直接成本的阻碍，而且还会因为移民可能在当地受到不良影响。尽管适应不良会影响到两性，但如果女性在新的本地人口中表现出适应性或适应不良的配偶偏好，则可能会在女性中调整这一成本。
2. 如果有可能改用表达当地适应居民的特征，则可以减轻当地适应下的传播成本。在性别选择的背景下，移民女性可能会学会与当地偏爱的男性交配。择偶复制是一种社会学习，个体（通常是女性）在观察其他伴侣后会更新其交配偏好。如果它允许移民雌性从适应不良的偏爱转变为适应当地的偏爱，那么由于伴侣的选择有助于她们创造适应当地情况的后代，她们的散布成本就可以减轻。
3. 为了研究复制是否可以促进传播的发展，我们创建了一个基于个体的模型来模拟四个特征的共同进化：复制，传播，与局部适应相关的特征以及女性偏好。我们将两种情况与无条件复制或无条件复制（有条件的情况下，仅分散器进行复制）与没有任何复制的控制情况进行了对比。
4. 我们显示复制会导致更高的分散度，特别是如果复制是有条件地表达的话。这导致斑块之间的基因流动增加，因此，局部适应和性状偏好相关性下降。
5. 虽然我们的研究将女性偏爱作为学习特质，但人们通常希望社会学习能够减轻分散成本，从而对适应的空间动态产生反馈作用。