BACKGROUND The natural history of childhood rhinitis is not well described. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to identify different rhinitis trajectories in early childhood and their predictors and allergic associations. METHODS Rhinitis symptoms were ascertained prospectively from birth until 6 years using standardized questionnaires in 772 participants. Rhinitis was defined as one or more episodes of sneezing, runny and/or blocked nose >2 weeks duration. Latent trajectories were identified using group-based modelling and their predictive risk factors and allergic associations were examined. RESULTS Three rhinitis trajectory groups were identified: 7.6 % (n=59) were termed early transient rhinitis, 8.6 % (n=66) late transient rhinitis and 6.6 % (n=51) persistent rhinitis. The remaining 77.2 % (n=596) were classified as non-rhinitis/reference group. Early transient rhinitis subjects were more likely of Indian ethnicity, had siblings, reported childcare attendance, early wheezing and eczema in the first 3 years of life. Late transient rhinitis was associated with antenatal exposure to smoking, higher maternal education levels, and wheezing at age 36-72 months. Persistent rhinitis was associated with male gender, paternal and maternal history of atopy, eczema and house dust mite sensitization. CONCLUSIONS & CLINICAL RELEVANCE Risk factors for early transient rhinitis involve a combination of genetic and early environmental exposures, whereas late transient rhinitis may relate to maternal factors and early respiratory infections independent of atopy. In contrast, persistent rhinitis is strongly associated with atopic risk and likely represents the typical trajectory associated with allergic disorders. Allergic rhinitis symptoms may commence as early as the first year of life and may inform development of early interventive strategies.

中文翻译：

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新加坡 GUSTO 母子队列中早发性鼻炎的轨迹

背景儿童鼻炎的自然史没有很好的描述。目的 本研究旨在确定儿童早期不同的鼻炎轨迹及其预测因子和过敏相关性。方法 使用标准化问卷在 772 名参与者中前瞻性地确定从出生到 6 岁的鼻炎症状。鼻炎定义为持续时间>2 周的一次或多次打喷嚏、流鼻涕和/或鼻塞。使用基于组的模型确定潜在轨迹，并检查其预测风险因素和过敏关联。结果 确定了三个鼻炎轨迹组：7.6% (n=59) 被称为早期短暂性鼻炎，8.6% (n=66) 晚期短暂性鼻炎和 6.6% (n=51) 持续性鼻炎。剩余的 77.2 % (n=596) 被归类为非鼻炎/参考组。早期短暂性鼻炎受试者更有可能是印度裔，有兄弟姐妹，在生命的前 3 年报告了儿童保育、早期喘息和湿疹。晚期短暂性鼻炎与产前暴露于吸烟、较高的母亲教育水平和 36-72 个月大的喘息有关。持续性鼻炎与男性、父亲和母亲的过敏史、湿疹和屋尘螨致敏有关。结论和临床相关性 早期短暂性鼻炎的风险因素涉及遗传和早期环境暴露的组合，而晚期短暂性鼻炎可能与母体因素和早期呼吸道感染有关，与特应性无关。相比之下，持续性鼻炎与特应性风险密切相关，可能代表与过敏性疾病相关的典型轨迹。过敏性鼻炎症状可能早在出生后的第一年就开始出现，并可能为早期干预策略的制定提供信息。