We propose an efficient spoofing signal generation method that uses the processing results of a global positioning system (GPS) receiver for authentic GPS signals. Conventional methods of generating spoofing signals use expensive GPS simulators because the structures of the spoofing signals must be almost identical to those of the GPS signals. Simulators require GPS ephemeris at a specific time and target position. Subsequently, a complicated process is used to generate navigation data using the ephemeris and model error sources such as the satellite clock bias and ionospheric delay. In contrast, the proposed method can generate spoofing signals for the desired target position without requiring GPS simulators; it does so by adjusting the signal processing results of the receiver. Using the navigation results of the receiver, such as position and velocity, the pseudorange delay and spoofing Doppler frequency between the estimated position of the receiver and the target spoofing position are obtained; these are then applied to shift the signal-tracking results of the receiver to create a new signal for the target spoofing position. Our experimental results indicate that the proposed algorithm can effectively generate spoofing signals with characteristics highly similar to those of authentic GPS signals. In addition, we confirmed that the spoofing signals generated by the proposed method are difficult to be detected using conventional spoofing detection techniques.

中文翻译：

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基于真实GPS信号码延迟和多普勒频率操纵的欺骗信号生成

我们提出了一种有效的欺骗信号生成方法，该方法使用全球定位系统 (GPS) 接收器的处理结果来获取真实的 GPS 信号。生成欺骗信号的传统方法使用昂贵的 GPS 模拟器，因为欺骗信号的结构必须与 GPS 信号的结构几乎相同。模拟器需要特定时间和目标位置的 GPS 星历。随后，使用星历和模型误差源（如卫星时钟偏差和电离层延迟）通过复杂的过程生成导航数据。相比之下，所提出的方法可以为所需的目标位置生成欺骗信号，而无需 GPS 模拟器；它通过调整接收器的信号处理结果来实现。利用接收机的导航结果，获得接收机估计位置与目标欺骗位置之间的位置和速度等伪距延迟和欺骗多普勒频率；然后应用这些来改变接收器的信号跟踪结果，为目标欺骗位置创建一个新信号。我们的实验结果表明，所提出的算法可以有效地生成与真实 GPS 信号特征高度相似的欺骗信号。此外，我们证实了使用传统的欺骗检测技术难以检测到由所提出的方法产生的欺骗信号。然后应用这些来改变接收器的信号跟踪结果，为目标欺骗位置创建一个新信号。我们的实验结果表明，所提出的算法可以有效地生成与真实 GPS 信号特征高度相似的欺骗信号。此外，我们证实了使用传统的欺骗检测技术难以检测到由所提出的方法产生的欺骗信号。然后应用这些来改变接收器的信号跟踪结果，为目标欺骗位置创建一个新信号。我们的实验结果表明，所提出的算法可以有效地生成与真实 GPS 信号特征高度相似的欺骗信号。此外，我们证实了使用传统的欺骗检测技术难以检测到由所提出的方法产生的欺骗信号。