The adoption of determinism and the use of the term “control” when referring to relations of influence between environment and the actions of organisms seem to suggest that there is no room for freedom in behavioral science. Nevertheless, some behavior analysts have articulated meanings of the word “freedom” that are wholly consistent with the epistemological assumptions of radical behaviorism. Some of these meanings, like those elaborated by Skinner, Baum and Catania, are relatively well-known in the behavior-analytical community and had some measure of conceptual or practical impact. In order to expand the possible behavior-analytic meanings of “freedom,” this article aimed to revisit and discuss a unique and little-known formulation on the subject elaborated by Israel Goldiamond. To these ends, we present (a) Goldiamond’s first remarks on freedom; (b) his subsequent proposal of a nonlinear behavior analysis; (c) the concepts of degrees of freedom, degrees of coercion and “genuine choice”; and (d) the types of coercion identified by Goldiamond that ultimately limit freedom in different social contexts. This is followed by a discussion on how and to what extent Goldiamond’s formulation constitutes an expansion of the behavior-analytic meanings of “freedom.” Similarities and differences between Goldiamond´s formulations and those of Skinner, Baum and Catania are also discussed.

中文翻译：

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扩展“自由”的行为分析意义：Israel Goldiamond 的贡献

在提及环境与生物体行为之间的影响关系时，决定论的采用和“控制”一词的使用似乎表明行为科学没有自由的空间。尽管如此，一些行为分析师已经阐明了“自由”一词的含义，这些含义与激进行为主义的认识论假设完全一致。其中一些含义，如斯金纳、鲍姆和卡塔尼亚所阐述的含义，在行为分析界相对知名，并具有一定程度的概念或实际影响。为了扩展“自由”可能的行为分析含义，本文旨在重新审视和讨论以色列 Goldiamond 阐述的关于该主题的独特且鲜为人知的表述。为此，我们提出 (a) Goldiamond 对自由的第一次评论；(b) 他随后提出的非线性行为分析；(c) 自由度、强制度和“真正的选择”的概念；(d) Goldiamond 确定的最终限制不同社会环境中自由的强制类型。随后讨论了 Goldiamond 的表述如何以及在多大程度上构成了“自由”的行为分析含义的扩展。还讨论了 Goldiamond 配方与 Skinner、Baum 和 Catania 配方之间的异同。随后讨论了 Goldiamond 的表述如何以及在多大程度上构成了“自由”的行为分析含义的扩展。还讨论了 Goldiamond 配方与 Skinner、Baum 和 Catania 配方之间的异同。随后讨论了 Goldiamond 的表述如何以及在多大程度上构成了“自由”的行为分析含义的扩展。还讨论了 Goldiamond 配方与 Skinner、Baum 和 Catania 配方之间的异同。