We combined administrative data on shelter stays from Calgary (2008–2014) and Toronto (2011–2015) with census metropolitan area population estimates publicly available from Statistics Canada to compute incidence of shelter use per 1000 person-years in these two cities. We found that Calgary faces a higher overall risk of shelter use than Toronto (3.58 versus 1.18 per 1000 person-years), and that risk of shelter use for those aged 16–20 is nine times higher in Calgary than in Toronto. Calgary’s employment rate is correlated with the incidence of homelessness (r = 0.88) but not Toronto’s (r = − 0.28). Individual-level characteristics associated with shelter use could not explain the yearly fluctuations in risk of homelessness in Calgary, but macroeconomic indicators are correlated with them.

中文翻译：

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加拿大无家可归的发生率是一个人口层面的现象：多伦多和卡尔加里庇护所使用情况的比较

我们将卡尔加里（2008-2014 年）和多伦多（2011-2015 年）庇护所的行政数据与加拿大统计局公开提供的人口普查大都市区人口估计数相结合，计算这两个城市每 1000 人年的庇护所使用发生率。我们发现卡尔加里面临比多伦多更高的庇护所使用风险（每 1000 人年 3.58 对 1.18 人），而且卡尔加里 16-20 岁人群使用庇护所的风险是多伦多的 9 倍。卡尔加里的就业率与无家可归的发生率相关 (r = 0.88)，但与多伦多的 (r = − 0.28) 无关。与住房使用相关的个人层面特征无法解释卡尔加里无家可归风险的年度波动，但宏观经济指标与之相关。