The survival processing advantage in memory is the finding that items encoded in survival scenarios are remembered better than words encoded in survival-irrelevant scenarios or in deep encoding situations (e.g., pleasantness). Whether this mnemonic advantage, which is generally found in scenarios involving personal survival, can also be observed in scenarios involving the survival of other people , and in particular, genetically related others , has received little attention. In the present study, we asked nulliparous women to imagine being stranded in the grasslands of a foreign land without any basic survival items and to consider either their personal survival, the survival of their biological child, or the survival of an orphan. Compared to a pleasantness (control) condition, a survival processing advantage was found for the child survival group, which did not differ reliably from personal survival. Both the child and the personal survival conditions yielded better recall than the orphan condition, which did not reliably differ from the pleasantness condition. These findings provide further evidence for the view that memory has been sculpted by evolutionary processes such as inclusive fitness.

中文翻译：

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“自私基因的生存过程？”：适应性记忆和包容性适应

内存中的生存处理优势是发现，与在与生存无关的场景或深度编码情况下（例如，愉悦感）相比，在生存场景中编码的项目比在单词中记忆的记忆更好。通常在涉及个人生存的场景中发现的这种助记符优势是否也可以在涉及其他人，特别是与遗传相关的其他人的生存的场景中观察到，却很少受到关注。在本研究中，我们要求未出生的妇女想象被困在异地的草原上而没有任何基本的生存项目，并考虑其个人生存，其生子的生存或孤儿的生存。与愉悦（控制）状态相比，在儿童生存组中发现了生存处理优势，这与个人生存没有明显区别。儿童和个人生存条件都比孤儿条件产生更好的回忆，而孤儿条件与愉快条件并没有可靠的区别。这些发现为以下观点提供了进一步的证据，即记忆已被进化过程（如包容性适应性）所塑造。