BackgroundThere is a growing literature providing evidence on the importance of non-cognitive skills for life outcomes. However, to date there is limited evidence on the gains from incorporating such measures into large-scale competence surveys.MethodsWe investigate the relationship between personality traits and eight important life outcomes: educational attainment, labour market participation, employability, wages, job satisfaction, health, trust and life satisfaction measured in the Polish follow-up study to PIAAC. The study assesses two short scales: the Big Five Inventory and Grit. First, we compare explanatory power of personality traits to that of cognitive skills measured by PIAAC. Second, an incremental validity of Grit after controlling for the Big Five dimensions is assessed.ResultsThe analyses show that differences in personality traits are important in explaining differences in life outcomes. Educational attainment is more strongly related to cognitive skills, while for wages, the explanatory power of personality and cognitive skills is similar. For most of the subjective outcomes, the Big Five traits outperform cognitive skills in predictive power. Conscientiousness is positively related to most of the outcomes analysed while Neuroticism has a negative relationship. After controlling for sociodemographic characteristics and cognitive skills, Big Five traits add explanatory power to all models except for employability. Grit explains some additional variation in educational attainment and in a number of subjective outcomes: health, trust, job and life satisfaction, even after adjusting for the effects of cognitive skills and Big Five traits.ConclusionsGiven the potential benefits and relatively small burden on respondents in terms of required time it seems advisable to incorporate measures of personality traits into competence surveys as they contribute to explaining the variability in policy-relevant outcomes. The use of the Big Five Inventory seems preferable to Grit when a broad range of life outcomes is of interest, as the former covers multiple aspects of personality. However, using both scales offers an improvement in explanatory power.

中文翻译：

---

人格，认知能力和生活成果：波兰对PIAAC的后续研究的证据

背景技术越来越多的文献提供了非认知技能对生命结局的重要性的证据。然而，迄今为止，关于将此类措施纳入大规模能力调查的收益的证据还很有限。方法我们研究了人格特质与八项重要生活成果之间的关系：教育程度，劳动力市场参与度，就业能力，工资，工作满意度，健康状况波兰对PIAAC的后续研究中测得的信任度，信任度和生活满意度。该研究评估了两个短期量表：五大库存量和粒度。首先，我们比较了人格特质的解释能力和PIAAC所测量的认知技能的解释能力。其次，评估了控制“五大”维度后的Grit增量有效性。结果分析表明，人格特质的差异对于解释生活结果的差异很重要。受教育程度与认知技能更紧密相关，而对于工资，人格和认知技能的解释力相似。对于大多数主观结果，在预测能力方面，五大特征优于认知技能。尽职尽责与分析的大多数结果呈正相关，而神经质则与之呈负相关。在控制了社会人口统计学特征和认知技能之后，“五大”特征为除就业能力之外的所有模型增加了解释力。格里特（Grit）解释了受教育程度和一些主观结果的其他变化：健康，信任，工作和生活满意度，即使在调整了认知技能和五项特质的影响之后，结论鉴于要求的时间所带来的潜在收益和相对较小的负担，似乎建议将人格特质的度量纳入能力调查，因为它们有助于解释政策的可变性。相关结果。当关注广泛的人生结局时，使用五大清单似乎比Grit更可取，因为前者涵盖了人格的多个方面。但是，同时使用两种量表可以提高解释力。结论考虑到所需时间带来的潜在好处和相对较小的负担，似乎建议将人格特质的度量纳入能力调查，因为这有助于解释与政策相关的结果的可变性。当关注广泛的人生结局时，使用五大清单似乎比Grit更可取，因为前者涵盖了人格的多个方面。但是，同时使用两种量表可以提高解释力。结论考虑到所需时间带来的潜在好处和相对较小的负担，似乎建议将人格特质的度量纳入能力调查，因为这有助于解释与政策相关的结果的可变性。当关注广泛的人生结局时，使用五大清单似乎比Grit更可取，因为前者涵盖了人格的多个方面。但是，同时使用两种量表可以提高解释力。