This paper studies aggregate complementarity without price or income variation. We show that for a class of utility functions, variation in non-price observables allows one to recover a measure of complementarity similar to Hicksian complementarity. In addition, the entire Slutsky matrix can be recovered up to scale without price variation. We then examine aggregate complementarity in latent utility models used in discrete choice, bundles, and matching. We show that classical linear instrumental variables can recover Hicksian complementarity for the special case of quadratic utility.

中文翻译：

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希克斯互补性和实用新型

本文研究了没有价格或收入变化的总体互补性。我们表明，对于一类效用函数，非价格可观察变量的变化使人们能够恢复类似于希克斯互补性的互补性度量。此外，整个Slutsky矩阵可以按比例恢复，而价格不会变化。然后，我们在离散选择，捆绑销售和匹配中使用的潜在效用模型中检验集合的互补性。我们表明，经典的线性工具变量可以针对二次效用的特殊情况恢复希克斯互补性。