BackgroundBoredom is a prevalent experience in school. Findings indicate that students are bored in a notable amount of instructional time with negative consequences for learning outcomes. The control-value theory considers control and value appraisals to be important antecedents of boredom.MethodsIn our study with 95 commercial school ninth graders, we investigated control-value appraisals and students’ boredom over 2 curricular weeks in the subject accounting by means of an experience sampling procedure with equally spaced measurement intervals called Continuous-State-Sampling. The CSSM data design generates a hierarchical data structure. Variability of students’ boredom can be segmented into three components: between times within lessons, between lessons within students and between students. We use multilevel models to address our research questions.ResultsWe found negative associations for control and value appraisals in predicting boredom over time. In addition, the value appraisal moderates the relation between subjective control and boredom: Interested students get bored when lacking time to reflect on subject matter. Our results further revealed that control and value only interact when being conceptualised as state constructs close to the situation.ConclusionsThe results show that students’ in situ-experiences of boredom are related to personal and situational factors as well as their dynamic interplay.

中文翻译：

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控制值评估预测学生在会计课上的无聊：一种连续状态抽样方法

背景乏味是学校中的普遍经历。结果表明，学生在大量的教学时间中感到无聊，对学习成果产生负面影响。控制价值理论认为控制和价值评估是无聊的重要前提。方法在我们对95名商学院九年级学生的研究中，我们通过经验调查了两个会计周内的控制价值评估和学生的无聊情况。具有相等间隔的测量间隔的采样过程称为连续状态采样。CSSM数据设计生成分层数据结构。学生无聊的可变性可以分为三个部分：课程之间的时间之间，学生之间的课程之间以及学生之间的时间。我们使用多层次模型来解决我们的研究问题。结果我们发现，随着时间的推移，在控制和价值评估方面存在负相关关系。此外，价值评估可以缓和主观控制与无聊之间的关系：感兴趣的学生在缺乏时间思考主题时会感到无聊。我们的研究结果进一步表明，控制和价值只有在被概念化为与情境相近的国家建构时才会相互作用。结论研究结果表明，学生的无聊就地体验与个人和情境因素及其动态相互作用有关。有兴趣的学生在缺乏时间思考主题时会感到无聊。我们的研究结果进一步表明，控制和价值只有在被概念化为与情境相近的国家建构时才会相互作用。结论研究结果表明，学生的无聊就地体验与个人和情境因素及其动态相互作用有关。有兴趣的学生在缺乏时间思考主题时会感到无聊。我们的研究结果进一步表明，控制和价值只有在被概念化为与情境相近的国家建构时才会相互作用。结论研究结果表明，学生的无聊就地体验与个人和情境因素及其动态相互作用有关。