Background
Excessive intake of fat, one of the causes of obesity, is associated with low-grade inflammation in various susceptible organs and eventually causes tissue toxicity. This study examines the multifaceted suppressive effects of Korean red ginseng extract (KRG) on high-fat diet (HFD)-induced lipotoxicity and inflammatory responses in the aorta, liver, and brain.

Methods
Male C57BL/6 mice were fed HFD with or without KRG for 12 weeks. The improvement effect in KRG on lipotoxicity and inflammatory potential was determined in the blood and the aorta, liver, and brain tissues.

Results
KRG significantly inhibited 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase activity by > 20% in vitro. KRG supplementation suppressed HFD-associated body weight gain, lipid profile changes, and excessive fat deposition in the liver and increased leptin, insulin, and ALT levels in the blood. Inflammatory markers in the aorta, liver, and brain were also significantly reduced by KRG treatment. In microvascular endothelial cells, the 15% cyclic stretch-mediated upregulation of ICAM-1 and vascular cell adhesion protein-1 (VCAM-1) expression was significantly attenuated in the presence of KRG.

Conclusion
KRG supplementation attenuates HFD-mediated body weight gain, lipid profile changes, and multi-tissue inflammatory responses.



中文翻译：

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补充高丽红参可减轻高脂饮食喂养引起的多组织脂毒性

背景技术
过量摄入脂肪是肥胖的原因之一，与各种易感器官的低度炎症有关，并最终引起组织毒性。这项研究探讨了韩国红参提取物（KRG）对高脂饮食（HFD）引起的主动脉，肝脏和大脑的脂毒性和炎症反应的多方面抑制作用。

方法
雄性C57BL / 6小鼠在有或没有KRG的情况下接受HFD喂养12周。确定了血液，主动脉，肝脏和脑组织中KRG对脂毒性和炎症潜能的改善作用。

结果
KRG在体外显着抑制3-羟基-3-甲基戊二酰辅酶A（HMG-CoA）还原酶的活性> 20％。补充KRG可抑制与HFD相关的体重增加，脂质分布变化以及肝脏中过多的脂肪沉积，并增加血液中的瘦素，胰岛素和ALT水平。通过KRG治疗，主动脉，肝脏和大脑中的炎症标志物也显着减少。在微血管内皮细胞中，在存在KRG的情况下，ICAM-1和血管细胞粘附蛋白1（VCAM-1）表达的15％循环拉伸介导的上调显着减弱。

结论
补充KRG可减轻HFD介导的体重增加，脂质分布变化和多组织炎症反应。