Background
Roasted coffee beans are broadly consumed in nearly all classes of the population. 2,3-Butanedione is a food flavor that causes obstructive bronchiolitis in microwave popcorn manufacturing workers. It can be naturally produced when coffee is roasted.

Objective
To determine effects of 2,3-butanedione (diacetyl) and 2,3-pentanedione on workers’ health during the coffee roasting process, we performed a toxicogenomics study for differentially expressed genes in lung cells after exposure to the two chemicals.

Results
Gene selection was performed by clustering, gene ontology/pathway, and data mining using microarray data. Target microRNAs and genes were selected based on the expression of microRNAs and correlation analysis of genes and microRNAs. As a result of expression analysis of target gene miRNAs affected by the two chemicals, it was evaluated that Fosl1 , Rb1 , Aspn , Dusp1 , Rnf19b , Jun , and Hbegf were over-regulated by targeting down-regulated miRNAs mutated by two chemicals. Using OMIM database and KEGG pathway, we found that Terc and Bmpr2 were two changed genes by matching with the KEGG disease pathway database.

Conclusion
Dosage, duration, exposure, and extrapolations are necessary to reflect effects of diacetyl and 2,3-pentanedione on workers in the coffee roasting process. This study focuses on early biochemical changes, mechanisms, and early biomarker discovery when normal lung cells are exposed to these two chemicals.



中文翻译：

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咖啡烘焙过程中两种化学物质的毒理基因组学研究

背景技术
几乎所有阶层的人都广泛食用烘焙过的咖啡豆。2,3-丁二酮是一种食品风味剂，可在微波爆米花制造工人中引起阻塞性细支气管炎。烘焙咖啡时可以自然产生。

目的
为了确定2,3-丁二酮（二乙酰基）和2,3-戊二酮对咖啡烘焙过程中工人健康的影响，我们对两种化学物质接触后肺细胞中差异表达的基因进行了毒理基因组学研究。

结果
通过聚类，基因本体论/途径和使用微阵列数据的数据挖掘来进行基因选择。基于微小RNA的表达以及基因和微小RNA的相关性分析，选择靶微小RNA和基因。作为受两种化学物质影响的靶基因miRNA表达分析的结果，据评估，通过靶向被两种化学物质突变的下调的miRNA ， Fosl1 ， Rb1 ， Aspn ， Dusp1 ， Rnf19b ， Jun 和 Hbegf 被过度调节。使用OMIM数据库和KEGG路径，我们发现 Terc 和 Bmpr2 通过与KEGG疾病途径数据库匹配，获得了两个改变的基因。

结论
剂量，持续时间，暴露量和外推法对于反映二乙酰基和2,3-戊二酮对咖啡烘焙过程中的工人的影响是必要的。这项研究的重点是当正常肺细胞暴露于这两种化学物质时的早期生化变化，机制和早期生物标志物发现。