Since the 1990s, Russia (the former Soviet Union, FSU) has undergone radical institutional transformation and drastic economic, political, and social changes. These changes have resulted in complex transformations of the urban land-use patterns. We extracted four major urban land-use classes (residential, industrial, social well-being, and green land) before (1987) and after (2015) the transformation of St. Petersburg. In particular, we focused on residential and industrial land use. In the core and peripheral areas of St. Petersburg, we calculated the percentage of each land-use class and conducted spatial pattern analyses for 1987 and 2015. Specifically, we measured the degree of interspersion/juxtaposition, aggregation and contagion for the major land-use classes in the study area. Results indicated that St. Petersburg experienced significant urban land restructuring from 1987 to 2015. While the city retained some urban land structure from before FSU, it showed trajectories of urban development similar to those of developed counties in Western Europe. The FSU period was the main stage of the outward expansion of urban administrative boundaries. The process of deindustrialization in the urban core during the post-Soviet Union period lagged behind other international cities. The most significant change in the urban land-use pattern was suburbanization in the peripheral area. The suburbanization of St. Petersburg was different from that of other developed countries in that it had its own unique characteristics, both in the residential style and in the resident class. Russia's institutional transformation had strong impacts on urban land-use patterns in the post-Soviet Union period, thus providing a rich practical and theoretical basis for analyzing new models of urban land-use change.

中文翻译：

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苏联解体后的二十年圣彼得堡城市土地使用变化

自1990年代以来，俄罗斯（前苏联，前苏联）经历了根本性的体制转型以及剧烈的经济，政治和社会变革。这些变化导致了城市土地利用方式的复杂转变。在圣彼得堡改造之前（1987年）和改造之后（2015年），我们提取了四个主要的城市土地利用类别（居民，工业，社会福祉和绿地）。特别是，我们专注于住宅和工业用地。在圣彼得堡的核心和周边地区，我们计算了每种土地利用类别的百分比，并对1987年和2015年进行了空间格局分析。具体而言，我们测量了主要土地利用的散布/并置，聚集和传染程度。在学习区域使用课程。结果表明圣。彼得斯堡从1987年到2015年经历了重大的城市土地结构调整。尽管该城市保留了前苏联前的一些城市土地结构，但其城市发展轨迹与西欧发达县类似。前苏联时期是城市行政边界向外扩展的主要阶段。后苏联时期，城市核心地区的去工业化进程落后于其他国际城市。城市土地利用方式的最大变化是周边地区的郊区化。圣彼得堡的郊区化与其他发达国家的不同之处在于，它在住宅风格和居民阶层上都有其独特的特征。俄国'