Perilipin family is the main structural proteins of lipid droplet (LD) that is intracellular neutral lipid store ponds, and regulates LD assembly and formation, and is crucial for lipid metabolism. Here three paralogs of perilipin family were characterized from grass carp and their complete coding sequences (CDS) were obtained, including perilipin1, perilipin2, and perilipin3, coding peptides of 492, 454, and 419 amino acids, respectively. The alignment of the homology of grass carp perilipin deduced amino acid sequences with other teleost species showed that the homology with mammalian was less than 55%. PAT (perilipin) domain in mammalian was also predicted in grass carp perilipin 1–3 proteins. Genomic organization analysis revealed that grass carp perilipin1 contained 6 coding exons, while both perilipin2 and perilipin3 consisted of 7 coding exons. The mRNA encoding three paralogs were expressed in a wide range of tissues; perilipin1–3 were primarily expressed in adipose tissue and liver; besides, perilipin3 was also highly expressed in the heart. In vitro, 200 μM DHA increased the proportion of smaller lipid droplets effectively in fully differentiated adipocytes of grass carp. The mRNA expression of perilipin1, perilipin2, and perilipin3 was significantly increased in the adipocytes treated with DHA ( P  < 0.05, P  < 0.01). The same responses of different paralogs in the adipocytes during DHA treatment suggest that they might play synergistic roles in the formation of LDs.

中文翻译：

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草鱼 Ctenopharyngodon idella中的 Perilipin 1-3 ：DHA诱导的脂肪细胞脂质滴形成中的分子表征，基因结构，组织分布和mRNA表达

Perilipin家族是脂质小滴（LD）的主要结构蛋白，是细胞内中性脂质存储池，并调节LD的组装和形成，对脂质代谢至关重要。在这里，从草鱼中鉴定了perilipin家族的三个旁系同源物，并获得了它们的完整编码序列（CDS），包括perilipin1，perilipin2和perilipin3，分别编码492、454和419个氨基酸。草鱼periplin推导的氨基酸序列与其他硬骨鱼类的同源性比对表明与哺乳动物的同源性小于55％。哺乳动物的PAT（perilipin）结构域也可以在草鱼周磷脂1–3蛋白中预测到。基因组组织分析表明，草鱼periplipin1包含6个编码外显子，而periplipin2和periplipin3均由7个编码外显子组成。编码三种旁系同源物的mRNA在广泛的组织中表达。周脂蛋白1-3主要在脂肪组织和肝脏中表达；此外，periplipin3在心脏中也高表达。在体外，200μMDHA在草鱼完全分化的脂肪细胞中有效增加了较小脂质滴的比例。DHA处理的脂肪细胞中，periplipin1，periplipin2和periplipin3的mRNA表达显着增加（200μMDHA有效提高了草鱼完全分化的脂肪细胞中较小脂质滴的比例。DHA处理的脂肪细胞中，periplipin1，periplipin2和periplipin3的mRNA表达显着增加（200μMDHA有效提高了草鱼完全分化的脂肪细胞中较小脂质滴的比例。DHA处理的脂肪细胞中，periplipin1，periplipin2和periplipin3的mRNA表达显着增加（ P  <0.05， P  <0.01）。在DHA治疗期间，脂肪细胞中不同旁系同源物的相同反应表明它们可能在LD的形成中发挥协同作用。