If a robot sends a deceptive signal to a human user, is this always and everywhere an unethical act, or might it sometimes be ethically desirable? Building upon previous work in robot ethics, this article tries to clarify and refine our understanding of the ethics of robotic deception. It does so by making three arguments. First, it argues that we need to distinguish between three main forms of robotic deception (external state deception; superficial state deception; and hidden state deception) in order to think clearly about its ethics. Second, it argues that the second type of deception—superficial state deception—is not best thought of as a form of deception, even though it is frequently criticised as such. And third, it argues that the third type of deception is best understood as a form of betrayal because doing so captures the unique ethical harm to which it gives rise, and justifies special ethical protections against its use.

中文翻译：

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机器人背叛：机器人欺骗伦理指南

如果机器人将欺骗性信号发送给人类用户，这是否始终到处都是不道德的行为，或者有时在道德上是合乎需要的？本文以先前在机器人伦理学方面的工作为基础，试图阐明和完善我们对机器人欺骗伦理学的理解。它通过三个参数来实现。首先，它认为我们需要区分机器人欺骗的三种主要形式（外部状态欺骗，表面状态欺骗和隐藏状态欺骗）。），以便清楚地考虑其道德规范。其次，它认为，第二种欺骗手段-肤浅的国家欺骗手段-尽管经常受到批评，但最好不要认为是一种欺骗手段。第三，它认为第三种欺骗最好被理解为背叛的一种形式，因为这样做可以捕获其引起的独特的道德损害，并为防止其使用提供特殊的道德保护。