The main purpose of this article is to critically examine the EU’s policies toward North Korea’s weapons of mass destruction (WMD) programs. By analyzing the EU’s approach to North Korea’s nuclear and ballistic missile programs, this article contributes to the debate about what kind of an actor the EU really is—i.e., whether it is a military power, a civilian power, or a normative power—in the security arena of world politics. As an autocratic regime with fundamental problems in relation to the proliferation of WMD and human rights, North Korea presents a good test case for considering the contested concept of EU’s international identity. The central thesis explored in the present article is that the EU is, strictly speaking, neither a military, nor a civilian, nor a normative power. That said, the EU’s international identity is closest to the concept of a global civilian power.

中文翻译：

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欧盟是什么力量？欧盟对朝鲜大规模杀伤性武器计划的政策以及关于欧盟在安全领域的作用的辩论

本文的主要目的是批判性地审视欧盟对朝鲜大规模杀伤性武器 (WMD) 计划的政策。通过分析欧盟对朝鲜核计划和弹道导弹计划的态度，本文有助于讨论欧盟究竟是一个什么样的参与者——即，它是军事力量、民事力量还是规范性力量——世界政治的安全舞台。作为一个在大规模杀伤性武器扩散和人权方面存在根本问题的专制政权，朝鲜为考虑有争议的欧盟国际身份概念提供了一个很好的测试案例。本文探讨的中心论点是，严格来说，欧盟既不是军事力量，也不是平民力量，也不是规范力量。那说，