This article uses the concept of ‘obligated policy transfer’ (OPT) to analyse the impact of crisis on climate and energy policy in the European Union. First, it reviews the strengths and limitations of some variants of institutionalism in providing insight into how crises might impact on policy. It explains the underdeveloped concept of OPT and how it is highly appropriate for analysing the EU institutional system and EU policies. OPT is a type of policy transfer that is both voluntary and coercive: Member States voluntarily commit to a policy that is subsequently enforced back on them by a supranational institution during the implementation phase. Importantly, the ideational environment affects how an institutional system develops policy. Crises have impacted on the ideational environmental of the EU by damaging the legitimacy of EU integration. This has exposed structural weaknesses in the system, created institutional change and affected the development of climate and energy policy. Specifically, the analysis reveals that crises have the greatest impact on the agenda-setting and legislative phases of policy transfer in the EU because these are the most ‘voluntary’ phases for Member States. Ultimately, the article provides a way of thinking about the institutional structure of the EU that can help explain institutional change and policy outcomes.

中文翻译：

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欧盟陷入危机：对气候和能源政策有何影响？

本文使用“义务政策转移”（OPT）的概念来分析危机对欧盟气候和能源政策的影响。首先，它回顾了制度主义的某些变体在提供危机可能如何影响政策的洞察方面的优势和局限性。它解释了 OPT 不发达的概念以及它如何非常适合分析欧盟制度体系和欧盟政策。OPT 是一种自愿和强制性政策转移：成员国自愿承诺一项政策，随后在实施阶段由超国家机构强制执行。重要的是，观念环境影响制度体系如何制定政策。危机破坏了欧盟一体化的合法性，从而影响了欧盟的理念环境。这暴露了系统的结构性弱点，造成了体制变化并影响了气候和能源政策的发展。具体而言，分析表明，危机对欧盟政策转移的议程设置和立法阶段的影响最大，因为这些阶段是成员国最“自愿”的阶段。最终，本文提供了一种思考欧盟制度结构的方式，可以帮助解释制度变迁和政策结果。分析表明，危机对欧盟政策转移的议程设置和立法阶段的影响最大，因为这些阶段对成员国来说是最“自愿”的阶段。最终，本文提供了一种思考欧盟制度结构的方式，可以帮助解释制度变迁和政策结果。分析表明，危机对欧盟政策转移的议程设置和立法阶段的影响最大，因为这些阶段对成员国来说是最“自愿”的阶段。最终，本文提供了一种思考欧盟制度结构的方式，可以帮助解释制度变迁和政策结果。