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Clinical Antibiotic Resistance Patterns Across 70 Countries
bioRxiv - Microbiology Pub Date : 2020-12-05 , DOI: 10.1101/2020.12.04.411504
Pablo Catalan , Carlos Reding , Jessica Blair , Ivana Gudelj , Jon Iredell , Robert Beardmore

We sought global patterns of antibiotic resistant pathogenic bacteria within the AMR Research Initiative database, Atlas. This consists of 6.5M clinical minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) observed in 70 countries in 633k patients between 2004 and 2017. Stratifying MICs according to pathogens (P), antibiotics (A) and countries (C), we found that the frequency of resistance was higher in Atlas than other publicly available databases. We determined global MIC distributions and, after showing they are coherent between years, we predicted MIC changes for 43 pathogens and 827 pathogen-antibiotic (PAs) pairings that exhibit significant resistance dynamics, including MIC increases and even decreases. However, many MIC distributions are multi-modal and some PA pairs exhibit sudden changes in MIC. We therefore analysed Atlas after replacing the clinical classification of pathogens into "susceptible", "intermediate" and "resistant" with an information-optimal, cluster-based classifier to determine subpopulations with differential resistance that we denote S and R. Accordingly, S and R clusters for different PA pairs exhibit signatures of stabilising, directional and disruptive selection because their respective MICs can have different dynamics. Finally, we discuss clinical applications of a (R, dR/dt) "phase plane" whereby the MIC of R is regressed against change in MIC (dR/dt), a methodology we use to detect PA pairs at risk of developing clinical resistance.

中文翻译:

遍布70个国家/地区的临床抗生素耐药性模式

我们在AMR研究计划数据库Atlas中寻找了抗药性致病细菌的全球模式。这由2004年至2017年在70个国家/地区的633k患者中观察到的650万临床最小抑菌浓度(MIC)构成。根据病原体(P),抗生素(A)和国家(C)分层MIC,我们发现耐药的频率在Atlas中比其他公共数据库要高。我们确定了全球MIC分布,并在显示了多年之间的一致性之后,我们预测了43种病原体和827个病原体-抗生素(PAs)对的MIC变化,这些对表现出显着的抗药性,包括MIC升高甚至降低。但是,许多MIC分布是多模式的,某些PA对显示MIC突然变化。因此,我们在使用信息最优的,基于聚类的分类器将病原体的临床分类替换为“易感”,“中级”和“耐药性”后,对Atlas进行了分析,以确定具有不同耐药性的亚群,分别表示S和R。不同PA对的R簇表现出稳定,方向性和破坏性选择的特征,因为它们各自的MIC可能具有不同的动力学。最后,我们讨论(R,dR / dt)“相平面”的临床应用,据此R的MIC随MIC(dR / dt)的变化而回归,这是一种用于检测处于发展为临床耐药风险的PA对的方法。基于簇的分类器来确定具有差抗性的亚群,我们将其表示为S和R。因此,针对不同PA对的S和R簇表现出稳定,方向性和破坏性选择的特征,因为它们各自的MIC可能具有不同的动力学。最后,我们讨论(R,dR / dt)“相平面”的临床应用,据此R的MIC随MIC(dR / dt)的变化而回归,这是一种用于检测处于发展为临床耐药风险的PA对的方法。基于簇的分类器来确定具有差抗性的亚群,我们将其表示为S和R。因此,针对不同PA对的S和R簇表现出稳定,方向性和破坏性选择的特征,因为它们各自的MIC可能具有不同的动力学。最后,我们讨论(R,dR / dt)“相平面”的临床应用,据此R的MIC随MIC(dR / dt)的变化而回归,这是一种用于检测处于发展为临床耐药风险的PA对的方法。
更新日期:2020-12-05
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