Plant growth depends on the diurnal regulation of cellular processes, but it is not well understood if and how transcriptional regulation controls diurnal fluctuations at the protein level. Here, we report a high‐resolution Arabidopsis thaliana (Arabidopsis) leaf rosette proteome acquired over a 12 hr light:12 hr dark diurnal cycle and the phosphoproteome immediately before and after the light‐to‐dark and dark‐to‐light transitions. We quantified nearly 5,000 proteins and 800 phosphoproteins, of which 288 fluctuated in their abundance and 226 fluctuated in their phosphorylation status. Of the phosphoproteins, 60% were quantified for changes in protein abundance. This revealed six proteins involved in nitrogen and hormone metabolism that had concurrent changes in both protein abundance and phosphorylation status. The diurnal proteome and phosphoproteome changes involve proteins in key cellular processes, including protein translation, light perception, photosynthesis, metabolism and transport. The phosphoproteome at the light–dark transitions revealed the dynamics at phosphorylation sites in either anticipation of or response to a change in light regime. Phosphorylation site motif analyses implicate casein kinase II and calcium/calmodulin‐dependent kinases among the primary light–dark transition kinases. The comparative analysis of the diurnal proteome and diurnal and circadian transcriptome established how mRNA and protein accumulation intersect in leaves during the diurnal cycle of the plant.

中文翻译：

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拟南芥玫瑰花状蛋白质组和磷酸化蛋白质组的昼夜动力学

植物的生长取决于细胞过程的昼夜调节，但是对于转录调节是否以及如何在蛋白质水平上控制昼夜波动尚不清楚。在这里，我们报告了高分辨率的拟南芥（拟南芥）叶片玫瑰花结蛋白质组在光12小时：12小时黑暗的昼夜循环中获得，并且磷酸蛋白组紧接在明暗过渡和明暗过渡之前和之后。我们对近5,000种蛋白质和800种磷蛋白进行了定量，其中288种的丰度发生了变化，而226种的磷酸化状态发生了变化。在磷蛋白中，定量了60％的蛋白丰度变化。这揭示了参与氮和激素代谢的六种蛋白质，其蛋白质丰度和磷酸化状态同时发生变化。昼夜蛋白质组和磷酸蛋白质组的变化涉及关键细胞过程中的蛋白质，包括蛋白质翻译，光感知，光合作用，代谢和运输。在明暗过渡中的磷酸化蛋白质组揭示了在预期或对光态变化的响应中磷酸化位点的动力学。磷酸化位点基序分析表明酪蛋白激酶II和钙/钙调蛋白依赖性激酶与主要的明暗过渡激酶有关。对昼夜蛋白质组和昼夜节律转录组的比较分析确定了植物在昼夜周期中mRNA和蛋白质积累如何在叶片中相交。