Ocular cells like, retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) is a highly specialized pigmented monolayer of post-mitotic cells, which is located in the posterior segment of the eye between neuro sensory retina and vascular choroid. It functions as a selective barrier and nourishes retinal visual cells. As a result of high-level oxygen consumption of retinal cells, RPE cells are vulnerable to chronic oxidative stress and an increased level of reactive oxygen species (ROS) generated from mitochondria. These oxidative stress and ROS generation in retinal cells lead to RPE degeneration. Various sources including mtDNA damage could be an important factor of oxidative stress in RPE. Gene therapy and mitochondrial transfer studies are emerging fields in ocular disease research. For retinal degenerative diseases stem cell-based transplantation methods are developed from basic research to preclinical and clinical trials. Translational research contributions of gene and cell therapy would be a new strategy to prevent, treat and cure various ocular diseases. This review focuses on the effect of oxidative stress in ocular cell degeneration and recent translational researches on retinal degenerative diseases to cure blindness.

像视网膜色素上皮 (RPE) 这样的眼细胞是有丝分裂后细胞的高度特化的色素单层，位于神经感觉视网膜和脉络膜之间的眼睛后段。It functions as a selective barrier and nourishes retinal visual cells. 由于视网膜细胞耗氧量高，RPE 细胞容易受到慢性氧化应激和线粒体产生的活性氧 (ROS) 水平升高的影响。视网膜细胞中的这些氧化应激和 ROS 产生导致 RPE 变性。包括 mtDNA 损伤在内的各种来源可能是 RPE 中氧化应激的重要因素。基因治疗和线粒体转移研究是眼部疾病研究的新兴领域。对于视网膜退行性疾病，基于干细胞的移植方法从基础研究发展到临床前和临床试验。基因和细胞治疗的转化研究贡献将成为预防、治疗和治愈各种眼部疾病的新策略。本综述重点关注氧化应激在眼细胞变性中的作用以及近期对视网膜退行性疾病治疗失明的转化研究。