Abstract Novae and supernovae play a key role in many fields of Astrophysics and Cosmology. Despite their importance, an accurate description of which objects explode and why and how they explode is still lacking. One of the main characteristics of such explosions is that they are the main suppliers of newly synthesized chemical elements in the Galaxy. Since some of these isotopes are radioactive, it is possible to use the corresponding gamma-rays as a diagnostic tool of the explosion thanks to their independence on the thermal state of the debris. The drawback is the poor sensitivity of detectors in the MeV energy domain. As a consequence, the radioactive lines have only been detected in one core collapse supernova (SN 1987A), one Type Ia supernova (SN 2014J), and one supernova remnant (Cas A). Nevertheless these observations have provided and are providing important information about the explosion mechanisms. Unfortunately, novae are still eluding detection. These results emphasize the necessity to place as soon as possible a new instrument in orbit with enough sensitivity to noticeably enlarge the sample of detected events.

中文翻译：

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新星和超新星中放射性元素的合成及其作为诊断工具的用途

摘要 新星和超新星在天体物理学和宇宙学的许多领域都发挥着关键作用。尽管它们很重要，但仍然缺乏对哪些物体爆炸以及它们为什么和如何爆炸的准确描述。这种爆炸的主要特征之一是它们是银河系中新合成化学元素的主要供应商。由于其中一些同位素具有放射性，因此可以使用相应的伽马射线作为爆炸的诊断工具，因为它们与碎片的热状态无关。缺点是 MeV 能量域中检测器的灵敏度较差。因此，仅在一颗核心坍缩超新星 (SN 1987A)、一颗 Ia 型超新星 (SN 2014J) 和一颗超新星遗迹 (Cas A) 中检测到放射性线。尽管如此，这些观察已经提供并正在提供有关爆炸机制的重要信息。不幸的是，新星仍在躲避探测。这些结果强调了尽快将新仪器放置在轨道上的必要性，该仪器具有足够的灵敏度，以显着扩大检测到的事件样本。