Abstract Vehicle restraint systems play an irreplaceable role to limit passenger injuries when an accident occurs, in which, the 3D acceleration sensor (AS) is an essential component to detect the collision position and force. However, there are some defects for commercial sensors such as passive sensing, low sensitivity and high manufacturing cost. Here, we report a lightweight, high-sensitivity, low-cost and self-powered 3D AS based on a liquid–metal triboelectric nanogenerator (LM-TENG). In view of the coded strategy of the electrodes, the 3D AS retains the smallest size, lowest weight and highest integration compared to the currently reported self-powered AS. The fabricated sensor possesses wide detection range from 0 to 100 m/s2 in the horizontal direction and 0 to 50 m/s2 in the vertical direction at a sensitivity of 800 mV/g. The open-circuit voltage shows a negligible decrease after continuously operating for 100,000 times, showing excellent stability and durability. Furthermore, the 3D AS is demonstrated as a part of the airbag system to spot the collision position and force of the car simultaneously. This work will further promote the commercialization of TENG-based sensor and exhibits a prospective application in the vehicle restraint system.

中文翻译：

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基于编码液态金属摩擦纳米发电机的多合一3D加速度传感器用于车辆约束系统

摘要 车辆约束系统在事故发生时限制乘员伤害具有不可替代的作用，其中，3D加速度传感器（AS）是检测碰撞位置和碰撞力的重要组成部分。然而，商用传感器存在被动传感、低灵敏度和高制造成本等缺陷。在这里，我们报告了一种基于液态金属摩擦纳米发电机（LM-TENG）的轻量级、高灵敏度、低成本和自供电的 3D AS。鉴于电极的编码策略，与目前报道的自供电 AS 相比，3D AS 保留了最小的尺寸、最低的重量和最高的集成度。制造的传感器在水平方向具有 0 到 100 m/s2 和垂直方向 0 到 50 m/s2 的宽检测范围，灵敏度为 800 mV/g。连续运行10万次后，开路电压的下降可忽略不计，表现出优异的稳定性和耐久性。此外，3D AS 被展示为安全气囊系统的一部分，可同时发现汽车的碰撞位置和力。这项工作将进一步促进基于 TENG 的传感器的商业化，并在车辆约束系统中展现出前瞻性的应用。