Abstract The recent and growing development and availability of unmanned aerial vehicles/systems (UAV, UAS, or “drones”) in volcanology has promoted a significant advance in volcanic surveillance of active volcanoes and in the characterization of volcanic landforms and hazards. However, in the tropics with heavy rainfall, deep volcanic soils and high relief, UAV surveying for volcanic geomorphology and volcanic hazards seems to be a relatively unexplored technique. Our aim is to present and promote innovative low-cost (

中文翻译：

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动态热带火山地貌中的低成本无人机应用

摘要 火山学中无人驾驶飞行器/系统（UAV、UAS 或“无人机”）的最近和不断增长的发展和可用性促进了活火山的火山监测以及火山地貌和灾害的表征方面的重大进步。然而，在降雨量大、火山土壤深、地势高的热带地区，无人机对火山地貌和火山灾害的测量似乎是一项相对未开发的技术。我们的目标是展示和推广创新的低成本（